-
作者：Huang, Qiuyu J.; Kim, Ryan; Song, Kangkang; Grigorieff, Nikolaus; Munro, James B.; Schiffer, Celia A.; Somasundaran, Mohan
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester
摘要：Influenza viruses are enveloped, negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses covered in a dense layer of glycoproteins. Hemagglutinin (HA) accounts for 80 to 90% of influenza glycoprotein and plays a role in host cell binding and membrane fusion. While previous studies have characterized structures of purified receptor-free and receptor-bound HA, the effect of receptor binding on HA organization and structure on virions remains unknown. Here, we used cryoelectron tomography to visualize influen...
-
作者：Kalenscher, Tobias; Luepken, Luca M.; Stoop, Ron; Terburg, David; van Honk, Jack
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Utrecht University; University of Cape Town
摘要：Translational research suggests that the basolateral part of the amygdala (BLA) computes some of the core processes underlying social preferences, but its precise role in prosocial choice remains unclear. We hypothesize that the human BLA is not necessary for prosocial behavior per se, but fine-tunes the degree of prosociality as a function of the social distance between actor and recipient of a prosocial act. We tested five participants with Urbach-Wiethe disease (UWD) who had isolated, bilat...
-
作者：Ke, Bingyuan; Wang, Xinghui
作者单位：Fuzhou University; Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China
摘要：Large- scale integration of microbattery systems on chips has long been hindered by the technical barrier between electrochemistry and microelectronics, particularly in terms of the compatibility of microbattery cells and their collective manufacturability. In this work, a silicon- based all- solid- state thin- film microbattery cell is developed at low temperatures for on- chip integration applications. Stress management at the interfaces covering both the resistance to interfacial fracture a...
-
作者：Singh, Gaurav; Vengayil, Vineeth; Khanna, Aayushee; Adhikary, Swagata; Laxman, Sunil
作者单位：Department of Biotechnology (DBT) India; Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine - inStem; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine
摘要：Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly change morphology. What controls mitochondrial morphology however remains unresolved. Using actively respiring yeast cells growing in distinct carbon sources, we find that mitochondrial morphology and activity are unrelated. Cells can exhibit fragmented or networked mitochondrial morphology in different nutrient environments independent of mitochondrial activity. Instead, mitochondrial morphology is controlled by the intracellular redox state...
-
作者：Wang, Qian; Kang, Yeon Hee; Hardtke, Christian S.
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：Cellular signaling processes can elicit powerful responses and may need to be amplified to be efficient or dampened to prevent overstimulation. Therefore, they often involve autoregulatory feedbacks. Receptor kinase signaling pathways are abundant in plants, where they convey the presence of both exogenous and endogenous ligands. Among them, endogenous CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptide signaling acts in an inherently quantitative manner to determine the size of stem cell pools a...
-
作者：Guo, Liangyue; Yu, Qilin; Wang, Di; Wu, Xiaoyu; Wolynes, Peter G.; Chen, Mingchen
作者单位：Changping Laboratory; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University
摘要：The concept that proteins are selected to fold into a well-defined native state has been effectively addressed within the framework of energy landscapes, underpinning the recent successes of structure prediction tools like AlphaFold. The amyloid fold, however, does not represent a unique minimum for a given single sequence. While the cross-/3 hydrogen-bonding pattern is common to all amyloids, other aspects of amyloid fiber structures are sensitive not only to the sequence of the aggregating p...
-
作者：Forslund, Josefin M. E.; Nguyen, Tran V. H.; Parkash, Vimal; Berner, Andreas; Goffart, Steffi; Wanrooij, Paulina H.; Johansson, Erik; Wanrooij, Sjoerd
作者单位：Umea University; University of Eastern Finland
摘要：Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stability, essential for cellular energy production, relies on DNA polymerase gamma (POL gamma). Here, we show that the POL gamma Y951N disease-causing mutation induces replication stalling and severe mtDNA depletion. However, unlike other POL gamma disease-causing mutations, Y951N does not directly impair exonuclease activity and only mildly affects polymerase activity. Instead, we found that Y951N compromises the enzyme's ability to efficiently toggle between DNA sy...
-
作者：Green, Adam S.; Feinman, Gary M.; Thompson, Amy E.; Cruz, Pablo; Chirikure, Shadreck; Kerig, Tim; Lawrence, Dan; Petrie, Cameron A.; Ortman, Scott G.
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University of Oxford; University of Kiel; Durham University; University of Cambridge; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Understanding the relationship between inequality and economicgrowth is a critical science problem that hinders sustainable development. In 1955, Simon Kuznets hypothe sized that rising economicgrowth raises inequality, which levels off as that growth continues. Kuznets'curve, which is a cornerstone of development economics, was based on data from a small sample of rich capitalist economies. Here, we draw on the GINI database, which includes area measurements of 53,464 residences from 1,176 se...
-
作者：Ju, Jun; Pan, Yifan; Yang, Xinyi; Li, Xuanyi; Chen, Jinghong; Wu, Shiyu; Hou, Sheng-Tao; Shin, Hee-Sup
作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology
摘要：Various pathological characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) stem from abnormalities in brain resident immune cells, specifically microglia, to prune unnecessary synapses or neural connections during early development. Animal models of ASD exhibit an abundance of synapses in different brain regions, which is strongly linked to the appearance of ASD behaviors. Overexpression of CD47 on neurons acts as a don't eat me signal, safeguarding synapses from inappropriate pruning by microglia...
-
作者：Nakagawa, Makoto; Shimada, Eijiro; Guardino, Nicholas; Miyamoto, Ryo; Puviindran, Vijitha; Peairs, Emily; Matarangas, Ariana; Ishikawa, Koji; Nguyen, Tuyet; Browne, Makenna; Marius, Choiselle; Wallace, Asjah; Hirata, Makoto; Nadesan, Puviindran; Alman, Benjamin A.
作者单位：Duke University; Kyushu University; Duke University; National Cancer Center - Japan
摘要：Enchondromas are common bone tumors composed of chondrocytes originating from growth plate cells which can progress to malignant chondrosarcoma. Mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 and IDH2) are identified in a large proportion of these tumors. IDH enzymes convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (Or-KG), an essential component of the citric acid cycle. While mutant IDH enzymes produce 2-hydroxyglutarate, which has epigenetic effects important in tumor initiation, c...
