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作者：GROSSKOPF, S; HAYES, K; HIRSCHBERG, J
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; Southern Illinois University System; Southern Illinois University; University of Melbourne
摘要：Faced with increasing crime rates, but nonincreasing budgets, local governments are seeking cost saving means of providing public safety. This paper investigates a bureaucracy's response to fiscal stress as well as its ability to efficiently substitute civilian for uniformed personnel. Exploiting duality theory, a distance function is used to model technology, retrieve information concerning substitutability and shadow prices of personnel, and test for cost minimization. Morishima elasticities...
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作者：COX, D; JAKUBSON, G
作者单位：Cornell University; United States Department of Labor
摘要：This paper investigates the anti-poverty effectiveness of public transfers taking private-transfer responses into account. Widespread, altruistically motivated private transfers would neutralize the distributional impact of public transfers. But exchange-motivated transfers can reinforce the effects of public transfers on the distribution of economic well-being. The common technique for gauging anti-poverty effectiveness (subtracting public transfers from other income and measuring the poverty...
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作者：POTERBA, JM
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper compares the level and composition of government spending in U.S. states that maintain separate budgets for capital and operating expenditures with that in states that employ unified budgets. It also investigates the effects of pay-as-you-go financing rules for capital projects. The empirical findings suggest that states with separate capital budgets spend more on public capital projects than comparable states with unified budgets. There is no evidence that the presence or absence o...
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作者：DEBARTOLOME, CAM
摘要：I investigate by experiment the tax rate used by individuals when making marginal economic decisions. I find that there are at least as many individuals who use the average tax rate 'as if' it is the marginal tax rate, as individuals who use the true marginal tax rate. The cause of the widespread use of the average tax rate is shown to be the presentation of the tax table: almost all individuals use the true marginal tax rate if the tax table is redesigned to stress the marginal rate. However,...
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作者：XEPAPADEAS, AP
摘要：In controlling environmental externalities, Pigouvian taxes are an appropriate instrument when individual emissions can be monitored, while ambient taxes are deemed appropriate to control non-point source pollution when the ambient pollution but not individual emissions can be monitored. This paper shows that under uncertainty the efficient regulatory scheme for non-point source pollution is a mix of Pigouvian and ambient taxes. The Pigouvian fees are imposed on emissions revealed by the pollu...
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作者：ESTRIN, S; DEMEZA, D
作者单位：University of Exeter; University of London; London Business School
摘要：This paper investigates the merits of statutory monopoly as a means of preventing wasteful market fragmentation. The key result is that a public firm committed to price at cost may be unable to repel entry even when it is socially desirable that it should do so. Limited entry may be worse than either statutory monopoly or free entry. The robustness of results when competition stimulates a state firm to lower its costs is also examined.
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作者：FRASER, CD
摘要：Bayesian workers produce 'chemicals' hazardously in one sector of a two-sector economy having one safe sector. Adopting an expected ex post welfare perspective, we show workers' misperceptions of hazards entail a classic externality. We characterise chemicals' competitive, monopoly and socially efficient outputs, assuming workers receive identical wage-accident compensation contracts under each, the value of information which induces workers to place greater stress on firms' safety records or ...
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作者：OK, EA
摘要：In an influential article by Young (Journal of Economic Theory, 1988, 44, 321-335), it is shown that the traditional equal sacrifice principles in taxation can be justified from a non-utilitarian perspective by proving that equal sacrifice is, in fact, a consequence of more primitive concepts of distributive justice. This result is obtained in a distribution theoretic setting where total revenue to be raised is fixed. The present paper studies the same question in a setting where the basic pro...
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作者：DASGUPTA, S; SENGUPTA, K
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：The paper analyses the optimal regulation of multinational enterprises (MNEs) by a host government interested in maximizing tax revenues, when the MNE has private information about its benefits of controlling the enterprise. It is shown that the optimal mechanism involves restricting the MNE's ownership of the enterprise, and setting a ceiling on the transfer price of an input that the MNE provides that is above the known production cost of the input. For low realizations of the benefits of co...
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作者：BRUECKNER, JK
摘要：This paper provides an analysis of the supply-restriction model of growth controls. Growth controls in such a model harm consumers while enriching landowners, and they will only be adopted if landowners have political power. In the model, this power is manifested in the city government's use of a social welfare that takes both landlord and consumer welfare into account. Since cities cannot be small if the supply restriction inherent in growth controls is to have an impact, strategic interactio...
