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作者：Osang, T; Pereira, A
作者单位：William & Mary; Southern Methodist University
摘要：In this paper we study the relationship between tariff structure, growth and welfare for a small, open country with endogenous growth induced by human capital accumulation. Using a model with trade in consumption and two investment goods, we consider the short- and long-run effects of a permanent unanticipated increase in the tariff rates under different replacement regimes, i.e. lump-sum transfer or investment tax credit. We show that most tariffs reduce growth, even in the short run. Also, a...
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作者：Farzin, YH
摘要：Underlying some of the most pressing environmental problems are the interlinked resource and environmental stock externalities with threshold effects. Using a simple dynamic model, it is shown how in the face of such externalities the static market-based policy instruments such as Pigouvian taxes should be modified. It is shown that even if for an initial period there is going to be no pollution stock damage, the optimal policy still requires that abatement begins immediately and at increasing...
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作者：Gabszewicz, JJ; vanYpersele, T
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：This paper analyses how the level of social protection is determined when its choice depends on political competition. First, this is done under autarky. Then the analysis is extended to take account of the existence of an international capital market. We show that social protection never increases under international competition and, in several circumstances, drastically decreases.
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作者：Huizinga, H
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：During the 1970s, developing countries differed widely in their regimes of source-based interest withholding taxes. This paper provides evidence on the relationship between interest rates paid by private LDC borrowers on international credits and the withholding tax regime. Pre-tax interest rates are estimated to increase significantly in withholding tax rates. The extent of the mark-up into higher pre-tax interest rates reflects the offsetting foreign tax credits that banks expect to receive....
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作者：SMITH, VH; KEHOE, MR; CREMER, ME
作者单位：University of Washington
摘要：A unique data set on exact giving by individual households for the support of a rural hearth care facility is used to examine the determinants of charitable giving, including the role of altruism. We examine whether a household's decision to give or not give and the amount it gives are influenced in the same or different ways by the household's characteristics and economic circumstances. We also examine whether a household's 'altruistic history' affects its current giving decisions.
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作者：HAHN, RW
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：There is increasing interest in having the US government create markets in property rights to allocate various resources, such as landing rights and environmental quality. The purpose of this paper is to provide some general guidelines for the more efficient organization of such markets. The analysis examines the problem of devising efficient government markets when there are multiple inputs to the production process subject to different taxes and regulations. It develops some simple rules of ...
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作者：ANANT, TCA; BASU, K; MUKHERJI, B
作者单位：Delhi School of Economics; University of Delhi
摘要：A formal model of firm-government interaction is developed in which the firm chooses the producer price and the government chooses the ad valorem tax rate to maximise revenue collection. This game is then embedded as the second stage of a two-stage game where, in stage 1, the firm gets to choose its technology and therefore its cost function. The main results of the paper are (i) to characterise the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria of the government-firm game (ii) to demonstrate that 'strategic...
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作者：HINES, JR; HLINKO, JC; LUBKE, TJF
摘要：This paper examines the incidence of commodity taxes, finding that, when demand and marginal cost schedules are linear, the burden of commodity taxation is distributed between buyers and sellers so that each suffers the same percentage reduction in pre-tax surplus. This equi-proportionate reduction in surplus is the outcome of commodity taxes set at any rate, and is unaffected by relative demand and supply elasticities. Hence, when demand and marginal cost schedules are linear, commodity taxes...
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作者：VANDERPLOEG, F
作者单位：Tinbergen Institute
摘要：If an accelerationist Phillips curve derived from the behaviour of wage and price setters is combined with an aggregate demand curve, perpetual battles about the distribution of income and never-ending cycles in inflation and unemployment emerge as a result of demand or supply shocks. An optimal counter-cyclical rule for monetary growth stabilises these conflict cycles, but violates principles of sound public finance. This paper derives policy rules that ensure solvency of the public sector. A...
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作者：BJUREK, H; HJALMARSSON, L
作者单位：University of Gothenburg
摘要：The purpose of this study is to analyse the development of productivity and structural efficiency for an extended period of time, 1974 to 1987, in the production of public social insurance services in Sweden. The analysis is based on the estimation of a deterministic flexible single input multiple output frontier production function. The findings indicate a productivity decrease for the entire period from 1974 to 1987 of 18 percent. In the period 1974 to 1982, productivity decreased by approxi...
