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作者：Bernardino, Tiago; Gabriel, Ricardo Duque; Quelhas, Joao; Silva-Pereira, Marcia
作者单位：Stockholm University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Stockholm University; Banco de Portugal
摘要：We investigate the pass-through of a temporary value-added tax (VAT) cut on selected food products to consumer prices in Portugal. Exploiting a novel data set of daily online prices, we find that the VAT cut was fully transmitted to consumer prices, persisted throughout the policy duration, and prices returned to the pre-implementation trend after reversal. We discuss two potential mechanisms driving this result: the policy's salience to consumers in a high-inflation environment and the declin...
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作者：Fang, Hanming; Li, Ming; Wu, Zenan
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Peking University
摘要：We argue that interjurisdictional competition in a regionally decentralized authoritarian regime distorts local politicians' incentives in resource allocation among firms from their own city and a competing city. We develop a tournament model of project selection that captures the driving forces of local protectionism. The model robustly predicts that the joint presence of regional spillover and the incentive for political competition leads to biased resource allocations against the competing ...
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作者：Helppie-McFall, Brooke; Parolin, Eric; Zafar, Basit
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper investigates gender gaps in long-term career expectations and outcomes of PhD candidates in economics. For this purpose, we match rich survey data on PhD candidates (from the 2008-2010 job market cohorts) to public data on job history and publication records through 2022. We document four novel empirical facts: (1) there is a robust gender gap in career expectations, with females about 10 percentage points less likely to ex-ante expect to get tenure or publish regularly; (2) the gen...
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作者：Levy, Gilat; Razin, Ronny
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper investigates the dynamic ramifications of cohort effects on politics. We propose a theoretical framework that encompasses a dynamic social-learning model of politics, where cohort effects are endogenously derived from preceding generations' political decisions. This process underscores the role of political experiences in shaping the beliefs of younger cohorts, which subsequently influence policy decisions as these individuals mature. We demonstrate how these dynamic intergeneration...
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作者：Bottasso, Anna; Bratti, Massimiliano; Cardullo, Gabriele; Conti, Maurizio; Sulis, Giovanni
作者单位：University of Genoa; University of Milan; University of Cagliari
摘要：We study how changes in labor market regulations may trigger firm adjustments in skill demand. Leveraging rich administrative data from Italy, we investigate the effects of a reform that, to increase job stability, reduced the firing costs for permanent employees and tightened the regulation of fixed-term contracts. Using a difference-in-differences (DID) design, we document that the reform had unintended effects, inducing firms to increase layoffs of low-skilled (LS) permanent employees and r...
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作者：Campo, Francesco; Giunti, Sara; Mendola, Mariapia; Tura, Giulia
作者单位：University of Padua; University of Milan; University of Milano-Bicocca; Luiss Guido Carli University
摘要：The 2015 refugee crisis in Europe has fueled anti-immigrant sentiment in host regions, with potential unintended consequences for refugee integration. We examine the heterogeneity of political backlash across Italian municipalities post-crisis and assess the concomitant role of economic vs socio-cultural factors in welcoming refugees (i.e., the supply side of integration). By leveraging the quasi-random dispersal policy and using causal forests, we find that refugee exposure has a significantl...
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作者：Aslim, Erkmen G.; Fu, Wei; Tekin, Erdal; You, Shijun
作者单位：University of Vermont; University of Louisville; American University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of International Business & Economics
摘要：This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on food insufficiency in the United States, using data from the Household Pulse Survey. Our primary research design exploits variation in vaccine eligibility across states over time as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity of vaccination decision. We find that vaccination had a substantial impact on food hardship by reducing the likelihood of food insufficiency by 24%, with even stronger effects among minority and financially...
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作者：Parolin, Zachary; Lehner, Lukas; Wilmers, Nathan
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of Edinburgh; Vienna University of Economics & Business; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：From 2010 to 2019, personal earnings inequality declined in the United States (U.S.) for the first time in decades, yet household income inequality continued to increase. Discordance between the inequality trends reached its highest rate in recent history. We introduce a framework to decompose differences in inequality trends. We find that 46% of post-2010 discordance in inequality trends is due to changing household composition, namely a larger share of young workers living with their parents...
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作者：Huang, Wei; Luo, Mi; Song, Yueping; Wang, Yiping; Wu, Hantao
作者单位：Peking University; Renmin University of China; Princeton University
摘要：This paper investigates the spillover effects of peer poverty on student outcomes using data from a nationally representative, randomly assigned sample of junior high school classes in China. We find that higher classroom poverty rates significantly reduce students' academic performance, non-cognitive skills, and the likelihood of high school and college enrollment. These effects are particularly pronounced among students from lowerincome families, while the presence of wealthier peers provide...
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作者：Marcus, Michelle
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper provides estimates of the contemporaneous effect of drinking water quality violations on students' academic achievement. Using student-level test score data with residential addresses, geographic information on water systems, and drinking water violations from North Carolina, I estimate the within-student impacts of poor water quality on student test scores. Exposure to a bacteria violation during the school year decreases math scores by about 0.038 standard deviations when the publ...
