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作者：Pitzen, Samuel P.; Rudenick, N.; Qiu, Yinjie; Zhang, Weijie; Munro, Sarah A.; Mccluskey, Braedan M.; Forster, Colleen; Bergom, Hannah E.; Ali, Atef; Boytim, Ella; Lafin, John T.; Linder, Simon; Ismail, Mazlina; Devlies, Wout; Sessions, Conner J.; Claessens, Frank; Joniau, Steven; Attard, Gerhardt; Zwart, Wilbert; Nelson, Peter S.; Corey, Eva; Wang, Yuzhuo; Lang, Joshua M.; Beltran, Himisha; Strand, Douglas; Antonarakis, Emmanuel S.; Hwang, Justin; Murugan, Paari; Huang, R. Stephanie; Dehm, Scott M.
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作者：Polasky, Stephen; Scheffer, Marten; Anderies, John M.
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Wageningen University & Research; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics
摘要：A well-functioning society requires well-functioning institutions that ensure prosperity, fair distribution of wealth, social participation, security, and informative media. Such institutions are built on a foundation of trust. However, while trust is essential for economic success and good governance, interconnected mechanisms inherent in weakly governed market economies tend to undermine the very trust on which such success depends. These mechanisms include the intrinsic tendency for inequal...
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作者：Ikeda, Toma; Nojima, Tatsuya; Yamamoto, Souma; Yamada, Ryusei; Niwa, Tatsuya; Konno, Hiroki; Taguchi, Hideki
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作者：Arakawa, Masashi; Uriu, Keiya; Saito, Koki; Hirose, Mai; Katoh, Kaoru; Asano, Krisana; Nakane, Akio; Saitoh, Tatsuya; Yoshimori, Tamotsu; Morita, Eiji
作者单位：Hirosaki University; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST); Hirosaki University; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka
摘要：Bacterial invasion into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells triggers the activation of the cellular autophagic machinery as a defense mechanism, a process known as xenophagy. In as a factor involved in this defense mechanism using quantitative mass spectrometry promotes Salmonella proliferation in the cytoplasm. HEATR3 also localizes to lysosomes damaged by chemical treatment, suggesting that Salmonella recognition is facilitated by damage to the host cell membrane. HEATR3 deficiency impairs LC3...
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作者：Kenngott, Max; Sengupta, Piali; Lockery, Shawn; Marder, Eve
作者单位：Brandeis University; Brandeis University; Brandeis University; University of Oregon
摘要：The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans feeds by rhythmic contraction and relaxation of a neuromuscular organ called the pharynx, which draws in and filters water and bacterial food. This behavior is driven by myogenic plateau potentials, long-lasting depolarizations of the pharyngeal muscle, which are timed by neuronal input from a dedicated pharyngeal nervous system. While the timing of these plateaus' initiation has received significant attention, their mechanisms of termination remain incomple...
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作者：Bolsterlee, Bart; Chow, Brian V. Y.; Yu, Jonathan; Davies, Suzanne; Morgan, Catherine; Rae, Caroline D.; Warton, David I.; Novak, Iona; Lancaster, Ann; Popovic, Gordana C.; Rizzo, Rodrigo R. N.; Rizzo, Claudia Y.; Ball, Iain K.; Herbert, Robert D.
作者单位：Neuroscience Research Australia; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Sydney; Cerebral Palsy Alliance - Australia; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：Skeletal muscles grow substantially during childhood. However, quantitative information about the size of typically developing children's muscles is sparse. Here, the objective was to construct muscle- specific reference curves for lower leg muscle volumes in children aged 5 to 15 y. Volumes of 10 lower leg muscles were measured from magnetic resonance images of 208 typically developing children and 78 ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Deep learning was used to automatically segment the i...
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作者：Holden, Joseph M.; Calkins, David J.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
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作者：Nicolau, Alfredo Cortell-; Rivas, Javier; Crema, Enrico R.; Shennan, Stephen; Garcia-Puchol, Oreto; Kolar, Jan; Staniuk, Robert; Timpson, Adrian
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Cambridge; University of Bath; University of London; University College London; University of Valencia; Czech Academy of Sciences
摘要：Demographic interaction processes play a pivotal role during episodes of cultural diffusion between different populations, particularly when these episodes can lead to competition for the same resources and geographic space. The diffusion of farming is one prototypical case within this broader scenario, where groups of incumbent hunter-gatherers occupied a space which would later be claimed by expanding farmers. In this work, we tackle such processes through a two-population mathematical model...
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作者：Yang, Zhenni; Zheng, Yueming; Ma, Demin; Wang, Long; Zhang, Jiatong; Song, Tiefeng; Wang, Yong; Zhang, Yan; Nan, Fajun; Su, Nannan; Gao, Zhaobing; Guo, Jiangtao
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Liangzhu Laboratory; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University
摘要：The human voltage-gated potassium channels KCNQ2, KCNQ3, and KCNQ5 can form homo-and heterotetrameric channels that are responsible for generating the neuronal M current and maintaining the membrane potential stable. Activation of KCNQ channels requires both the depolarization of membrane potential and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Here, we report cryoelectron microscopy structures of the human KCNQ5-calmodulin (CaM) complex in the apo, PIP2-bound, and both PIP2-and the activat...
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作者：Cornelisse, Tara; Inouye, David W.; Irwin, Rebecca E.; Jepsen, Sarina; Mawdsley, Jonathan R.; Ormes, Margaret; Daniels, Jaret; Debinski, Diane M.; Griswold, Terry; Klymko, John; Orr, Michael C.; Richardson, Leif; Sears, Nicole; Schweitzer, Dale; Young, Bruce E.
作者单位：United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Nature Conservancy; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; North Carolina State University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS
摘要：Pollinators are critical for food production and ecosystem function. Although native pollinators are thought to be declining, the evidence is limited. This first, taxonomically diverse assessment for mainland North America north of Mexico reveals that 22.6% (20.6 to 29.6%) of the 1,579 species in the best-studied vertebrate and insect pollinator groups have elevated risk of extinction. All three pollinating bat species are at risk and bees are the insect group most at risk (best estimate, 34.7...
