Elevated extinction risk in over one- fifth of native North American pollinators

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Cornelisse, Tara; Inouye, David W.; Irwin, Rebecca E.; Jepsen, Sarina; Mawdsley, Jonathan R.; Ormes, Margaret; Daniels, Jaret; Debinski, Diane M.; Griswold, Terry; Klymko, John; Orr, Michael C.; Richardson, Leif; Sears, Nicole; Schweitzer, Dale; Young, Bruce E.
• 署名单位: United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Nature Conservancy; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; North Carolina State University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-13585
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2418742122
• 发表日期: 2025-04-08
• 关键词: decline; CONSERVATION; impacts; bombus

摘要

Pollinators are critical for food production and ecosystem function. Although native pollinators are thought to be declining, the evidence is limited. This first, taxonomically diverse assessment for mainland North America north of Mexico reveals that 22.6% (20.6 to 29.6%) of the 1,579 species in the best-studied vertebrate and insect pollinator groups have elevated risk of extinction. All three pollinating bat species are at risk and bees are the insect group most at risk (best estimate, 34.7% of 472 species assessed, range 30.3 to 43.0%). Substantial numbers of butterflies (19.5% of 632 species, range 19.1 to 21.0%) and moths (16.1% of 142 species, range 15.5 to 19.0%) are also at risk, with flower flies (14.7% of 295 species, range 11.5 to 32.9%), beetles (12.5% of 18 species, range 11.1 to 22.2%), and hummingbirds (0% of 17 species) more secure. At-risk pollinators are concentrated where diversity is highest, in the southwestern United States. Threats to pollinators vary geographically: climate change in the West and North, agriculture in the Great Plains, and pollution, agriculture, and urban development in the East. Woodland, shrubland/chaparral, and grassland habitats support the greatest numbers of at-risk pollinators. Strategies for improving pollinator habitat are increasingly available, and this study identifies species, habitats, and threats most in need of conservation actions at state, provincial, territorial, national, and continental levels.