16期

最新文章

• Diet- regulated transcriptional plasticity of plant parasites in plant-mutualist environments AI翻译
  作者：Maxwell, M. Willow H.; Causier, Barry E.; Chippendale, Jasper; Ault, James R.; Bell, Chris A.
  作者单位：University of Leeds; University of Leeds
  摘要：Crop pathogens often lack exclusive access to their host and must interact with plants concurrently engaged with numerous other symbionts. Here, we demonstrate that the colonization of hosts by plant-mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi can indirectly induce transcriptional responses of a major plant parasite, the nematode Globodera pallida, via a modified host resource profile. A shift in the resource profile of the root, where the parasite feeds, is perceived and responded to by the parasite throug...
• Temperature thresholds induce abrupt shifts in biodiversity and ecosystem services in montane ecosystems worldwide AI翻译
  作者：Zeng, Xiao-Min; Berdugo, Miguel; Saez-Sandino, Tadeo; Tao, Dongxue; Ren, Tingting; Zhou, Guiyao; Liu, Yu-Rong; Terrer, Cesar; Reich, Peter B.; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
  作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS); Huazhong Agricultural University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS; Complutense University of Madrid; Western Sydney University; Northeast Normal University - China; Nanjing Forestry University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
  摘要：Montane ecosystems are crucial for maintaining global biodiversity and function that sustain life on our planet. Yet, these ecosystems are highly vulnerable to changing temperatures and may undergo critical transitions under ongoing climate change. What we do not know is to what extent montane biodiversity and ecosystem services will respond to local temperature variations in a gradual versus abrupt manner across global environments. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a global synthesis,...
• A 5-HT- mediated urethral defense against urinary tract infections AI翻译
  作者：Ambrogi, Marcela; Hernandez, Laura L.; Strand, Douglas W.; Kumar, Sathish; Romero, Michael F.; Barasch, Jonathan; Ridlon, Monica; Stietz, Kimberly P. Keil; Vezina, Chad M.
  作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Mayo Clinic; Columbia University
  摘要：The urethra is considered a passive conduit for urine. Here, we reveal a surprising multicellular signaling pathway guiding the urethra's dynamic response to an invading pathogen. Using a genetic approach in female mice, we deposited uropathogenic Escherichia coli into the distal urethra to establish a model of ascending urinary tract infection that progresses to the bladder within 4 h. We show that urethral neuroendocrine cells (UNECs), and the serotonin they synthesize, protect the bladder f...
• Intraflagellar transport trains can switch rails and move along multiple microtubules in intact primary cilia AI翻译
  作者：Sun, Shufeng; Liang, Biqing; Koplas, Adam; Tikhonenko, Irina; Nachury, Maxence; Khodjakov, Alexey; Sui, Haixin
  作者单位：Wadsworth Center; State University of New York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
  摘要：Structural homeostasis and proper distributions of signaling molecules in cilia require a constant flow of cargoes carried by intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains in both anterograde and retrograde directions within the thin, long ciliary shafts. In the motile cilium framework, the nine microtubule doublets of the same length serve as the transportation rails, and a preferential association to the two subtubules of the microtubule doublets prevents collisions among the IFT trains that move in...
• MFRP is a molecular hub that organizes the apical membrane of RPE cells by engaging in interactions with specific proteins and lipids AI翻译
  作者：Tworak, Aleksander; Smidak, Roman; Menezes, Carolline Rodrigues; Du, Samuel W.; Suh, Susie; Choi, Elliot H.; Imanishi, Sanae S.; Dong, Zhiqian; Lewandowski, Dominik; Fong, Kristen E.; Grigorean, Gabriela; Pinto, Antonio F. M.; Xu, Qianlan; Skowronska-Krawczyk, Dorota; Blackshaw, Seth; Imanishi, Yoshikazu; Palczewski, Krzysztof
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of California System; University of California Davis; Salk Institute; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：Membrane frizzled-related protein (MFRP), present in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is an integral membrane protein essential for ocular development and the normal physiology of the retina. Mutations in MFRP are associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic nanophthalmos, leading to severe hyperopia and early-onset retinitis pigmentosa. While several preclinical gene-augmentation and gene-editing trials hold promise for future therapies aimed at stopping degeneration and restoring re...
• Peripheral CD4+ T cells mediate the destructive effects of maternal separation on prefrontal myelination and cognitive functions AI翻译
  作者：Xiong, Rui; Hu, Yinyin; Wang, Menghan; Han, Ting; Hu, Yuying; Ma, Chaolin; Li, Baoming
  作者单位：Nanchang University; Nanchang University; Hangzhou Normal University
  摘要：Maternal separation (MS), a chronic stress event in early life, impairs myelination in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and leads to PFC cognitive disorders. It remains largely unclear how such deficits are mediated. Here, we show that peripheral CD4+ T cells play an essential role in mediating the destructive effects of MS on medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) myelination and cognitive functions in mice. Offspring mice with MS experience (MS mice) exhibited an increase in CD4+ T cells and xanthine ...
• The POLγ Y951N patient mutation disrupts the switch between DNA synthesis and proofreading, triggering mitochondrial DNA instability AI翻译
  作者：Forslund, Josefin M. E.; Nguyen, Tran V. H.; Parkash, Vimal; Berner, Andreas; Goffart, Steffi; Wanrooij, Paulina H.; Johansson, Erik; Wanrooij, Sjoerd
  作者单位：Umea University; University of Eastern Finland
  摘要：Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stability, essential for cellular energy production, relies on DNA polymerase gamma (POL gamma). Here, we show that the POL gamma Y951N disease-causing mutation induces replication stalling and severe mtDNA depletion. However, unlike other POL gamma disease-causing mutations, Y951N does not directly impair exonuclease activity and only mildly affects polymerase activity. Instead, we found that Y951N compromises the enzyme's ability to efficiently toggle between DNA sy...
• Kuznets' tides: An archaeological perspective on the long-term dynamics of sustainable development AI翻译
  作者：Green, Adam S.; Feinman, Gary M.; Thompson, Amy E.; Cruz, Pablo; Chirikure, Shadreck; Kerig, Tim; Lawrence, Dan; Petrie, Cameron A.; Ortman, Scott G.
  作者单位：University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University of Oxford; University of Kiel; Durham University; University of Cambridge; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
  摘要：Understanding the relationship between inequality and economicgrowth is a critical science problem that hinders sustainable development. In 1955, Simon Kuznets hypothe sized that rising economicgrowth raises inequality, which levels off as that growth continues. Kuznets'curve, which is a cornerstone of development economics, was based on data from a small sample of rich capitalist economies. Here, we draw on the GINI database, which includes area measurements of 53,464 residences from 1,176 se...
• The don't eat me signal CD47 is associated with microglial phagocytosis defects and autism-like behaviors in 16p11.2 deletion mice AI翻译
  作者：Ju, Jun; Pan, Yifan; Yang, Xinyi; Li, Xuanyi; Chen, Jinghong; Wu, Shiyu; Hou, Sheng-Tao; Shin, Hee-Sup
  作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology
  摘要：Various pathological characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) stem from abnormalities in brain resident immune cells, specifically microglia, to prune unnecessary synapses or neural connections during early development. Animal models of ASD exhibit an abundance of synapses in different brain regions, which is strongly linked to the appearance of ASD behaviors. Overexpression of CD47 on neurons acts as a don't eat me signal, safeguarding synapses from inappropriate pruning by microglia...
• Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 3C integrates cholesterol metabolism and isocitrate dehydrogenase in chondrocytes and neoplasia AI翻译
  作者：Nakagawa, Makoto; Shimada, Eijiro; Guardino, Nicholas; Miyamoto, Ryo; Puviindran, Vijitha; Peairs, Emily; Matarangas, Ariana; Ishikawa, Koji; Nguyen, Tuyet; Browne, Makenna; Marius, Choiselle; Wallace, Asjah; Hirata, Makoto; Nadesan, Puviindran; Alman, Benjamin A.
  作者单位：Duke University; Kyushu University; Duke University; National Cancer Center - Japan
  摘要：Enchondromas are common bone tumors composed of chondrocytes originating from growth plate cells which can progress to malignant chondrosarcoma. Mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 and IDH2) are identified in a large proportion of these tumors. IDH enzymes convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (Or-KG), an essential component of the citric acid cycle. While mutant IDH enzymes produce 2-hydroxyglutarate, which has epigenetic effects important in tumor initiation, c...