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作者：Gattuso, Hannah C.; van Hassel, Karin A.; Freed, Jacob D.; Nunez, Kavin M.; de la Rea, Beatriz; May, Christina E.; Ermentrout, Bard; Victor, Jonathan D.; Nagel, Katherine I.
作者单位：New York University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine
摘要：In order to forage for food, many animals regulate not only specific limb movements but the statistics of locomotor behavior, switching between long-range dispersal and local search depending on resource availability.How premotor circuits regulate locomotor statistics is not clear. Here, we analyze and model locomotor statistics and their modulation by attractive food odor in walking Drosophila. Food odor evokes three motor regimes in flies: baseline walking, upwind running during odor, and se...
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作者：Lawrence, Dan; Bogaard, Amy; Quequezana, Gabriela Cervantes; Chelazzi, Francesca; Feinman, Gary M.; Green, Adam S.; Hamerow, Helena; Munson, Jessica; Ortman, Scott G.; Thompson, Amy E.
作者单位：Durham University; University of Oxford; The Santa Fe Institute; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of York - UK; University of York - UK; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Definitions of sustainability commonly stress both systemic continuity and equality over time. However, the degree to which these two sides of sustainability might be related has not been systematically investigated. Recent theoretical and methodological insights have provided archaeologists with new tools for investigating sustainability in premodern societies. Here, we use Gini coefficients on residence size measurements as an estimate of material inequality and information on the persistenc...
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作者：Senarath, Kanishka; Fisher, Isaac J.; Jang, Wonjo; Lu, Sumin; Inoue, Asuka; Kostenis, Evi; Lyon, Angeline M.; Lambert, Nevin A.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Augusta University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Tohoku University; Kyoto University; University of Bonn; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Phospholipase C beta (PLC beta) enzymes are the principal effectors activated by Gq heterotrimers. Both G alpha q and G beta gamma subunits can activate PLC beta, which requires precise positioning of PLC beta at the plasma membrane to relieve structural autoinhibition and give the active site access to the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) substrate. PLC beta enzymes possess a unique distal C-terminal domain (dCTD) that is critical for activation by G alpha q, but the reason for th...
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作者：Suh, Elliot M.; Reinhardt, Jakob K.; Weng, Jing-Ke; Baldwin, Ian
作者单位：Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University
摘要：Specialized metabolism plays a central role in how plants cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses in order to survive and reproduce within dynamic and challenging environments. One recently described class of plant-specific, ribosomally synthesized, and posttranslationally modified peptides are the burpitides, which are characterized by the installation of distinct sidechain macrocycles by enzymes known as burpitide cyclases. While they are found across many plant families and exhibit diver...
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作者：Zhao, Xianxin; Liu, Yuanyuan; Yuan, Bo; Cao, Zhichao; Yang, Yi; He, Chun; Chan, Kevin C.; Xiao, Shan; Lin, Haiwei; Fang, Qi; Ye, Gongyin; Ye, Xinhai
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang A&F University; Zhejiang A&F University
摘要：Trait regression and loss have occurred repeatedly in numerous lineages in response to environmental changes. In parasitoid wasps, a megadiverse group of hymenopteran insects, yolk protein reduction or loss has been observed in many species, likely linked to the transition from ectoparasitism to endoparasitism. However, the genetic basis of this trait and the impact of its loss on genome evolution remain poorly understood. Here, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of 64 hymenopteran in...
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作者：Bashyal, Sagar; Everett, Hasani; Matsuura, Suzanne; Muller, Lena Maria
作者单位：Salk Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Miami
摘要：CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) peptides have emerged as key regulators of plant-microbe interactions, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Here, we identify Medicago truncatula CLE16 as a positive regulator of AM symbiosis. MtCLE16is expressed in root cells colonized by AM fungi (AMF) and its overexpression within colonized tissues increases arbuscule abundance by finetuning their growth and lifespan. Functional and transcriptomic analyses reveal that MtCLE16 acts...
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作者：Huang, Qiuyu J.; Kim, Ryan; Song, Kangkang; Grigorieff, Nikolaus; Munro, James B.; Schiffer, Celia A.; Somasundaran, Mohan
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester
摘要：Influenza viruses are enveloped, negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses covered in a dense layer of glycoproteins. Hemagglutinin (HA) accounts for 80 to 90% of influenza glycoprotein and plays a role in host cell binding and membrane fusion. While previous studies have characterized structures of purified receptor-free and receptor-bound HA, the effect of receptor binding on HA organization and structure on virions remains unknown. Here, we used cryoelectron tomography to visualize influen...
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作者：Kalenscher, Tobias; Luepken, Luca M.; Stoop, Ron; Terburg, David; van Honk, Jack
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Utrecht University; University of Cape Town
摘要：Translational research suggests that the basolateral part of the amygdala (BLA) computes some of the core processes underlying social preferences, but its precise role in prosocial choice remains unclear. We hypothesize that the human BLA is not necessary for prosocial behavior per se, but fine-tunes the degree of prosociality as a function of the social distance between actor and recipient of a prosocial act. We tested five participants with Urbach-Wiethe disease (UWD) who had isolated, bilat...
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作者：Ke, Bingyuan; Wang, Xinghui
作者单位：Fuzhou University; Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China
摘要：Large- scale integration of microbattery systems on chips has long been hindered by the technical barrier between electrochemistry and microelectronics, particularly in terms of the compatibility of microbattery cells and their collective manufacturability. In this work, a silicon- based all- solid- state thin- film microbattery cell is developed at low temperatures for on- chip integration applications. Stress management at the interfaces covering both the resistance to interfacial fracture a...
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作者：Singh, Gaurav; Vengayil, Vineeth; Khanna, Aayushee; Adhikary, Swagata; Laxman, Sunil
作者单位：Department of Biotechnology (DBT) India; Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine - inStem; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly change morphology. What controls mitochondrial morphology however remains unresolved. Using actively respiring yeast cells growing in distinct carbon sources, we find that mitochondrial morphology and activity are unrelated. Cells can exhibit fragmented or networked mitochondrial morphology in different nutrient environments independent of mitochondrial activity. Instead, mitochondrial morphology is controlled by the intracellular redox state...
