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作者：Kerr, Madeleine C.; Stegman, Dave R.; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Adams, Andrea C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology
摘要：Venus and Earth are rocky planets of roughly the same size and bulk density, yet their surface volcanic and tectonic features appear substantially different. On Venus, the coexistence of large volcanic highlands-interpreted as the surface expression of long-lived mantle plumes-alongside coronae, smaller features thought to be caused by transient thermal diapirs, remains enigmatic. Using two-dimensional numerical models of mantle convection with sharp and broad mineral phase transitions for pyr...
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作者：Mitani, Takahiro; Takeda, Shuichi; Oda, Toshiro; Narita, Akihiro; Maeda, Yuichiro; Honda, Hajime; Fujiwara, Ikuko
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作者：Horne, Zachary; Kobas, Mert; Cimpian, Andrei
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; New York University
摘要：Scientific explanation is one of the most sophisticated forms of human reasoning. Nevertheless, here we hypothesize that scientific explanation is susceptible to some of the same biases that influence everyday thinking-particularly during the initial stages of theory building, when scientists are first grappling with complex phenomena and are thus more likely to rely on explanatory guesses. Specifically, we investigated whether scientific explanation exhibits an inherence bias-a tendency to ex...
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作者：Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Carriere, Yves
作者单位：University of Arizona
摘要：Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionized pest management, but their benefits have been reduced by evolution of practical resistance in at least 31 cases. To delay evolution of resistance, farmers have shifted from crops producing one Bt protein to crops called pyramids that produce two or more Bt proteins or other traits targeting each pest. Here, we focus on resistance to transgenic corn pyramids in the we...
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作者：Bentley, Kirsten; Statkute, Evelina; Murrell, Isa; Fielding, Ceri A.; Antrobus, Robin; Preston, Hannah; Jones, Lauren Kerr -; Cochrane, Daniel; Brizic, Ilija; Lehner, Paul J.; Wilkinson, Gavin W. G.; Wang, Eddie C. Y.; Graham, Stephen C.; Weekes, Michael P.; Stanton, Richard J.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Rijeka; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge
摘要：Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a clinically important herpesvirus that has coevolved for millions of years with its human host, and establishes lifelong persistent infection. A substantial proportion of its 235 kb genome is dedicated to manipulating host immunity through targeting antiviral host proteins for degradation or relocalization. Quantitative proteomics of the infected cell has extensively characterized these processes, but the cell-free virion has been less well studied. We therefor...
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作者：Subramanian, Bhuvaneshwaran; Johnson, Shedreanna; Narayanan, Akshaya; Wang, Wei; Seaberg, Bonnie L.; Ball, Jillian; Mares, Ilse M. Paredes; Majumder, Ahana; Aceves, Alexandria; Frazier, Sarah E.; Rutledge, Alexis; Griffin, John F.; Pal, Soumiya; Zawieja, Scott; Davis, Michael J.; Rutkowski, Joseph M.; Nghiem, Peter P.; Rimer, Mendell; Muthuchamy, Mariappan
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle-wasting disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and inflammation caused by mutations in the DMD gene. Chronic inflammation in DMD exacerbates the complications associated with disease progression. Since the lymphatic system plays a crucial role in regulating and resolving inflammation, our primary goal was to investigate whether lymphatics were dysregulated in skeletal muscle of DMD animals. We used the D2.mdx murine and golden...
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作者：Weinstein, Sara B.; Klure, Dylan M.; Symeonidi, Efthymia; Greenhalgh, Robert; Mayes, Marc T.; Doolin, Margaret L.; Stapleton, Tess E.; Swei, Andrea; Cove, Michael, V; Dearing, M. Denise
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; California State University System; San Francisco State University
摘要：Characterizing niche space is critical for predicting species interactions and responses to environmental change. To enhance our understanding of dietary niche breadth, we used DNA metabarcoding to examine how diets of a widespread, model herbivore (wood-rats, genus Neotoma) respond to changing resources and the extent to which dietary specialization is conserved across space and time. We used diet data from 13 species, 57 populations, and over 500 individuals to examine predictors of niche br...
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作者：Tsubery, Yehonatan; Aharoni, Hillel
作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science
摘要：Topological defects, such as disclination lines in nematic liquid crystals, are fundamental to many physical systems and applications. In this work, we study the behavior of nematic disclinations in thin parallel-plate geometries with strong patterned planar anchoring. Building on prior models, we solve both the forward problem-predicting disclination trajectories from given surface patterns-and an extended inverse problem-designing surface patterns to produce a tunable family of disclination ...
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作者：Bender, Andrew; Zhao, Chong; Vogel, Edward; Awh, Edward; Voytek, Bradley
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作者：Ritt, Daniel A.; Durrant, David E.; Drew, Matthew R.; Sandin, Suzanne I.; Fiesco, Juliana A. Martinez; Zhang, Xiaohua; Aydin, Fikret; Carpenter, Timothy S.; Scheidemantle, Grace M.; D'Ippolito, Robert A.; Sohn, Alexandria L.; Dehart, Caroline J.; Shrestha, Rebika; Snead, Kelly; Hull, Jenna; Tempkin, Jeremy O. B.; Yang, Yue; Lightstone, Felice C.; Streitz, Frederick H.; Zhang, Ping; Turbyville, Thomas J.; Stephen, Andrew G.; Esposito, Dominic; Ingolfsson, Helgi I.; Nissley, Dwight, V; Morrison, Deborah K.
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
摘要：The RAF kinases (ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF) are essential components of the RAS-ERK signaling pathway, which controls vital cellular processes and is frequently dysregulated in human disease. Notably, mutations that alter BRAF function are prominent drivers of human cancer and certain RASopathy disorders, making BRAF an important target for therapeutic intervention. Despite extensive research, several aspects of BRAF regulation remain unclear. In this study, we developed an in vitro BRAF activation...
