-
作者：Di Leonardo, Roberto; Buzas, Andras; Kelemen, Lorand; Toth, David; Toth, Szilvia Z.; Ormos, Pal; Vizsnyiczai, Gaszton
作者单位：Sapienza University Rome; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC-CNR)
摘要：Unlike gas molecules at equilibrium, the spatial organization of self-propelled particles can be very sensitive to what happens at the boundaries of their container. Understanding the link between boundary phenomena and bulk stationary distributions could enable the design of optimized container shapes for the geometric control of confined active particles. Here, we propose a boundary method based on the flux transfer formalism typical of radiometry problems, where surface elements transmit an...
-
作者：Gavris, Georgios Barkoulis; Sun, WaiChing
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Inferring accurate and precise material models necessary for high-fidelity predictions has been a central challenge in constitutive modeling. Both traditional regression methods and modern machine-learning approaches require specialized data labels, which often cannot be sufficiently obtained from experiments. This data demand makes many sophisticated models impractical for real-world problems. Improvements in digital image correlation techniques have enabled accurate measurements of displacem...
-
作者：Lee, James; Manon, Victor; Chen, Jue
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：In the host-pathogen arms race, herpesviruses and poxviruses encode proteins that sabotage the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), thereby suppressing MHC-I antigen presentation and enabling lifelong infection. Of the five known viral TAP inhibitors, only the herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein ICP47 has been structurally resolved. We now report cryoelectron microscopy structures of TAP in complex with the remaining four: BNLF2a (Epstein-Barr virus), hUS6 (human cytomegaloviru...
-
作者：Wang, Danyang; Chavas, Daniel R.; Schenkel, Benjamin A.
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：Tropical cyclones are expected to intensify more rapidly with warming, but relatively little work has examined whether they could expand more rapidly with warming, too. Recent theory predicts that peak expansion rate should increase with sea surface temperature (SST), and physical arguments suggest this dependence should be specifically on the relative SST, i.e. the SST difference from the tropical mean. We test this hypothesis with historical observational data, in which SST variations are pr...
-
作者：Holleman, Ethan; Catley, Thomas E.; Sereiva, Tadas; Hartono, Stella R.; Pyne, Alice L. B.; Chedin, Frederic
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Sheffield
摘要：R-loops are an important class of non-B DNA structures that form co-transcriptionally. Using in vitro transcription and unbiased quantitative sequencing readouts, we show that the addition of single-strand DNA binding proteins co-transcriptionally can drive a 3-to 5-fold increase of R-loop frequencywithout significant changes to R-loop distribution. We propose that this is caused by stabilizing and preventing the collapse of short nascent R-loops. This suggests that R-loop formation is highly ...
-
作者：Kerr, Madeleine C.; Stegman, Dave R.; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Adams, Andrea C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); California Institute of Technology; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
摘要：Venus and Earth are rocky planets of roughly the same size and bulk density, yet their surface volcanic and tectonic features appear substantially different. On Venus, the coexistence of large volcanic highlands-interpreted as the surface expression of long-lived mantle plumes-alongside coronae, smaller features thought to be caused by transient thermal diapirs, remains enigmatic. Using two-dimensional numerical models of mantle convection with sharp and broad mineral phase transitions for pyr...
-
作者：Horne, Zachary; Kobas, Mert; Cimpian, Andrei
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; New York University
摘要：Scientific explanation is one of the most sophisticated forms of human reasoning. Nevertheless, here we hypothesize that scientific explanation is susceptible to some of the same biases that influence everyday thinking-particularly during the initial stages of theory building, when scientists are first grappling with complex phenomena and are thus more likely to rely on explanatory guesses. Specifically, we investigated whether scientific explanation exhibits an inherence bias-a tendency to ex...
-
作者：Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Carriere, Yves
作者单位：University of Arizona
摘要：Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionized pest management, but their benefits have been reduced by evolution of practical resistance in at least 31 cases. To delay evolution of resistance, farmers have shifted from crops producing one Bt protein to crops called pyramids that produce two or more Bt proteins or other traits targeting each pest. Here, we focus on resistance to transgenic corn pyramids in the we...
-
作者：Ben-Michael, Eli; Greiner, D. James; Huang, Melody; Imai, Kosuke; Jiang, Zhichao; Shin, Sooahn
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Harvard University; Yale University; Yale University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Sun Yat Sen University
摘要：The use of AI, or more generally data-driven algorithms, has become ubiquitous in today's society. Yet, in many cases and especially when stakes are high, humans still make final decisions. The critical question, therefore, is whether AI helps humans make better decisions compared to a human-alone or AI-alone system. We introduce a methodological framework to answer this question empirically with minimal assumptions. We measure a decision maker's ability to make correct decisions using standar...
-
作者：Murakami, Tatsuya C.; Belenko, Nick; Dennis, Griffin; Wang, Cuidong; Siantoputri, Maria Esterlita; Maeda, Yurie; Pressl, Christina; Heintz, Nathaniel
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Rockefeller University
摘要：Fluorescence imaging enables visualization of the specific molecules of interest with high contrast, and the use of multiple fluorophores in a single tissue sample allows visualization of complex relationships between biological molecules, cell types, and anatomy. The utility of fluorescence imaging in human tissue has been limited by endogenous pigments that can block the light path or emit an autofluorescence, thereby interfering with the specific imaging of target molecules. Although photob...
