2025

最新文章

• Spatially programmed alignment and actuation in printed liquid crystal elastomers AI翻译
  作者：Telles, Rodrigo; Kotikian, Arda; Freychet, Guillaume; Zhernenkov, Mikhail; Wasik, Patryk; Yavitt, Benjamin M.; Barrera, Jorge-Luis; Cook, Caitlyn C.; Pindak, Ronald; Davidson, Emily C.; Lewis, Jennifer A.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Brookhaven National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Princeton University; CEA; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati
  摘要：Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit reversible shape morphing behavior when cycled above their nematic- to- isotropic transition temperature. During extrusion- based 3D printing, LCE inks are subjected to coupled shear and extensional flows that can be harnessed to spatially control the alignment of their nematic director along prescribed print paths. Here, we combine experiment and modeling to elucidate the effects of ink composition, nozzle geometry, and printing parameters on director ...
• The single- stranded DNA-binding factor SUB1/PC4 alleviates replication stress at telomeres and is a vulnerability of ALT cancer cells AI翻译
  作者：Dubois, Jean - Christophe; Bonnell, Erin; Filion, Amelie; Frion, Julie; Zimmer, Samuel; Khan, Muhammad Riaz; Teplitz, Gabriela M.; Casimir, Lisa; Methot, Elie; Marois, Isabelle; Idrissou, Mouhamed; Jacques, Pierre-Etienne; Wellinger, Raymund J.; Marechal, Alexandre
  作者单位：University of Sherbrooke; University of Sherbrooke; University of Sherbrooke
  摘要：To achieve replicative immortality, cancer cells must activate telomere maintenance mechanisms. In 10 to 15% of cancers, this is enabled by recombination- based alternative lengthening of telomeres pathways (ALT). ALT cells display several hallmarks including heterogeneous telomere length, extrachromosomal telomeric repeats, and ALT- associated PML bodies. ALT cells also have high telomeric replication stress (RS) enhanced by fork- stalling structures (R- loops and G4s) and altered chromatin s...
• Boreal forests are heading for an open state AI翻译
  作者：Rotbarth, Ronny; van Nes, Egbert H.; Scheffer, Marten; Holmgren, Milena
  作者单位：Wageningen University & Research
  摘要：The boreal forest biome is warming four times faster than the global average. Changes so far are moderate, but time lags in responses may transiently maintain forest states which are no longer supported by current environmental conditions. Here, we explore whether tree cover dynamics hint at the state to which the biome may be shifting. Our results suggest that global boreal tree cover is heading for a unimodal state of open forest (30 to 50%), contrasting starkly to the bimodal distribution o...
• The value of returning a sample of the Martian atmosphere AI翻译
  作者：Swindle, Timothy D.; Pack, Andreas; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Young, Edward D.; Thiemens, Mark
  作者单位：University of Arizona; University of Gottingen; Open University - UK; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：The elemental and isotopic abundances of major species in the Martian atmosphere have been determined, but analyses often lack sufficient precision, and those of minor and trace species are frequently not well known. Many important questions about the evolution and current state of Mars require the kind of knowledge that can be gained from analysis of a returned sample of the Martian atmosphere. Key target species include the noble gases, nitrogen, and various species containing carbon, hydrog...
• Diverse plant RNAs coat Arabidopsis leaves and are distinct from apoplastic RNAs AI翻译
  作者：Borniego, M. Lucia; Singla-Rastogi, Meenu; Baldrich, Patricia; Sampangi-Ramaiah, Megha Hastantram; Karimi, Hana Zand; Mcgregor, Madison; Meyers, Blake C.; Innes, Roger W.
  作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：Transgenic expression of a double- stranded RNA in plants can induce silencing of homologous mRNAs in fungal pathogens. Although such host- induced gene silencing is well documented, the molecular mechanisms by which RNAs can move from the cytoplasm of plant cells across the plasma membrane of both the host cell and fungal cell are poorly understood. Indirect evidence suggests that this RNA transfer may occur at a very early stage of the infection process, prior to breach of the host cell wall...
• Tetrameric PilZ protein stabilizes stator ring in complex flagellar motor and is required for motility in Campylobacter jejuni AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Yuanyuan; Tachiyama, Shoichi; Li, Yuqian; Feng, Xueyin; Zhao, Hang; Wu, Yanmin; Guo, Yu; Tejero, Maria Lara -; Hua, Canfeng; Liu, Jun; Gao, Beile
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou); Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Yale University; Yale University; Henan University
  摘要：Rotation of the bacterial flagellum, the first identified biological rotary machine, is driven by its stator units. Knowledge gained about the function of stator units has increasingly led to studies of rotary complexes in different cellular pathways. Here, we report that a tetrameric PilZ family protein, FlgX, is a structural component underneath the stator units in the flagellar motor of Campylobacter jejuni. FlgX forms a stable tetramer that does not bind cyclic di- GMP (c- di- GMP), unlike...
• Oppositional and competitive instigation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by the VTA and locus coeruleus AI翻译
  作者：Hagena, Hardy; Manahan-Vaughan, Denise
  作者单位：Ruhr University Bochum
  摘要：The novelty, saliency, and valency of ongoing experiences potently influence the firing rate of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC). Associative experience, in turn, is recorded into memory by means of hippocampal synaptic plasticity that is regulated by noradrenaline sourced from the LC, and dopamine, sourced from both the VTA and LC. Two persistent forms of synaptic plasticity, long- term potentiation (LTP), and long- term depression (LTD) support the encoding of di...
• The unequal adoption of ChatGPT exacerbates existing inequalities among workers AI翻译
  作者：Humlum, Anders; Vestergaard, Emilie
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Copenhagen
  摘要：We study the adoption of ChatGPT, the icon of Generative AI, using a large-scale survey linked to comprehensive register data in Denmark. Surveying 18,000 workers from 11 exposed occupations, we document that ChatGPT is widespread, especially among younger and less-experienced workers. However, substantial inequalities have emerged. Women are 16 percentage points less likely to have used the tool for work. Furthermore, despite its potential to lift workers with less expertise, users of ChatGPT...
• The multimodal transcriptional response of denervated skeletal muscle involves regulation of Gramd1 genes impacting muscle size AI翻译
  作者：Calvo, Cristofer; Swoboda, Casey O.; Morales, Fabian Montecino-; Nagar, Siddhant; Petrany, Michael J.; Sun, Chengyi; Durumutla, Hima Bindu; Quattrocelli, Mattia; Millay, Douglas P.
  作者单位：Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati
  摘要：The development and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) requires reciprocal signals between the nerve terminals and multinucleated skeletal muscle fibers (myofibers). This interaction drives highly specialized transcription in the subsynaptic or NMJ myonuclei within mature myofibers leading to clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Here, we utilized single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to delineate the transcriptional response of myonuclei to denervation. Through snRNA...
• Strategic planning of prevention and surveillance for emerging diseases and invasive species AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Jue; Hanley, Brenda J.; Thompson, Noelle E.; Gong, Yu; Walsh, Daniel P.; Gonzalez-Crespo, Carlos; Huang, Yitong; Booth, James G.; Caudell, Joe N.; Miller, Landon A.; Schuler, Krysten L.
  作者单位：Queens University - Canada; Cornell University; Cornell University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Montana System; University of Montana; University of California System; University of California Davis; Cornell University
  摘要：Emerging infectious diseases and biological invasions pose increasing threats to public and ecosystems health. Proactive measures-such as prevention and surveillance taken before initial detection of the pathogen or species-are essential to ensure minimal spread prior to first detection. We developed an optimization model to determine where, when, and how much effort should be allocated to prevention versus surveillance. The model accounts for imperfect detection, system dynamics, spatial hete...