2025

最新文章

• Scaling language model size yields diminishing returns for single-message political persuasion AI翻译
  作者：Hackenburg, Kobi; Tappin, Ben M.; Roettger, Paul; Hale, Scott A.; Bright, Jonathan; Margetts, Helen
  作者单位：University of Oxford; Alan Turing Institute; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Bocconi University
  摘要：Large language models can now generate political messages as persuasive as those written by humans, raising concerns about how far this persuasiveness may continue to increase with model size. Here, we generate 720 persuasive messages on 10 US political issues from 24 language models spanning several orders of magnitude in size. We then deploy these messages in a large-scale randomized survey experiment (N = 25,982) to estimate the persuasive capability of each model. Our findings are twofold....
• A horizontally transferred bacterial gene aids the freezing tolerance of Antarctic bdelloid rotifers AI翻译
  作者：Raymond, James A.
  作者单位：Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas
  摘要：Bdelloid rotifers are well known for their abilities to survive long periods of freezing as well as acquire foreign genes. Recently sequenced genomes of some bdelloid rotifers in England were found to encode several proteins similar to ice-binding proteins (IBPs) that are usually associated with freeze-thaw tolerance. Here, I describe bdelloid rotifers inhabiting an algal patch in Antarctica that have multiple homologs of these genes. Structures of the proteins predicted by AlphaFold show that...
• A general framework for interpretable neural learning based on local information-theoretic goal functions AI翻译
  作者：Makkeh, Abdullah; Graetz, Marcel; Schneider, Andreas C.; Ehrlich, David A.; Priesemann, Viola; Wibral, Michael
  作者单位：Fundacao Champalimaud; University of Gottingen; Max Planck Society; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen
  摘要：Despite the impressive performance of biological and artificial networks, an intuitive understanding of how their local learning dynamics contribute to network-level task solutions remains a challenge to this date. Efforts to bring learning to a more local scale indeed lead to valuable insights, however, a general constructive approach to describe local learning goals that is both interpretable and adaptable across diverse tasks is still missing. We have previously formulated a local informati...
• Chiral structural color from microdomes AI翻译
  作者：Lai, Xintao; Li, Tongyu; Hou, Xiaoyu; Vogelbacher, Florian; Wang, Jiajun; Song, Yanlin; Shi, Lei; Li, Mingzhu
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, CAS; Fudan University; Fudan University; Nanjing University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures (CICAM); Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Boston University
  摘要：Artificial chiralstructural- color materials can carry high- dimensional information on multiple optical degrees of freedom, providing possibilities for advanced optical rity and information storage. However, current artificial chiralstructural- color materials are hindered by their specific compositions, fine nanostructures, and single polarization modulation. Here, we found that microdomes made from common polymers have structural colors with broadband tunability and multiple polarization- m...
• Ancient ocean coastal deposits imaged on Mars AI翻译
  作者：Li, Jianhui; Liu, Hai; Meng, Xu; Duan, Diwen; Lu, Haijing; Zhang, Jinhai; Zhang, Fengshou; Elsworth, Derek; Cardenas, Benjamin T.; Manga, Michael; Zhou, Bin; Fang, Guangyou
  作者单位：Guangzhou University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Tongji University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research Institute, CAS
  摘要：The northern lowlands of early Mars could have contained a significant quantity of liquid water. However, the ocean hypothesis remains controversial due to the lack of conclusive evidence from the Martian subsurface. We use data from the Zhurong Rover Penetrating Radar on the southern Utopia Planitia to identify subsurface dipping reflectors indicative of an ancient prograding shoreline. The reflectors dip unidirectionally with inclinations in the range 6 degrees to 20 degrees and are imaged t...
• Experimental electronic structures of the FeIV=O bond in S=1 heme vs. nonheme sites: Effect of the porphyrin ligand AI翻译
  作者：Braun, Augustin; Gee, Leland B.; Waters, Max D. J.; Jose, Anex; Baker, Michael L.; Mara, Michael W.; Babicz, Jeffrey T., Jr.; Ehudin, Melanie A.; Quist, David A.; Zhou, Ang; Kroll, Thomas; Titus, Charles J.; Lee, Sang-Jun; Nordlund, Dennis; Sokaras, Dimosthenis; Yoda, Yoshitaka; Kobayashi, Yasuhiro; Tamasaku, Kenji; Hedman, Britt; Hodgson, Keith O.; Karlin, Kenneth D.; Que, Lawrence, Jr.; Solomon, Edward I.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Stanford University; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute; Kyoto University; RIKEN; University of Manchester; Diamond Light Source; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory
  摘要：High-valent FeIV=O species are common intermediates in biological and artificial catalysts. Heme and nonheme S=1 FeIV=O sites have been synthesized and studied for decades but little quantitative experimental comparison of their electronic structures has been available, due to the lack of direct methods focused on the iron. This study allows a rigorous determination of the electronic structure of a nonheme FeIV=O center and its comparison to an FeIV=O heme site using 1s2p resonant inelastic X-...
• Editorial Expression of Concern for Duckworth et al., Role of test motivation in intelligence testing AI翻译
  作者：Duckworth, Angela Lee; Quinn, Patrick D.; Lynam, Donald R.
• STING- induced noncanonical autophagy regulates endolysosomal homeostasis AI翻译
  作者：Huang, Tuozhi; Sun, Chenglong; Du, Fenghe; Chen, Zhijian J.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
  摘要：The cGAS-STING pathway mediates innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA. In addition to its well- established role in inducing inflammatory cytokines, activation of the cGAS-STING pathway also induces noncanonical autophagy, a process involving the conjugation of the ATG8 family of ubiquitin-like proteins to membranes of the endolysosomal system. The mechanisms and functions of STING- induced autophagy remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that STING activation induced form...
• A circRNA-mRNA pairing mechanism regulates tumor growth and endocrine therapy resistance in ER- positive breast cancer AI翻译
  作者：Yi, Jia; Du, Jiao; Chen, Xue; Nie, Rui-chao; Hu, Guo-sheng; Wang, Lei; Zhang, Yue-ying; Chen, Shang; Wen, Xiao-sha; Luo, Di-xian; He, Hua; Liu, Wen
  作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Jinfeng Laboratory; Xiamen University; Shenzhen University; Naval Medical University
  摘要：The molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen receptor (ER)- positive breast carcinogenesis and drug resistance remain incompletely understood. Elevated expression of CCND1 is linked to enhanced invasiveness, poorer prognosis, and resistance to drug therapies in ER- positive breast cancer. In this study, we identify a highly expressed circular RNA (circRNA) derived from FOXK2, called circFOXK2, which plays a key role in stabilizing CCND1 mRNA, thereby promoting cell cycle progression, cell grow...
• Interconnecting fragmented forests: Small and mobile birds are cornerstones in the plant-frugivore meta- network AI翻译
  作者：Zhu, Chen; Dalsgaard, Bo; Li, Wande; Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N.; Simmons, Benno I.; Ren, Peng; Zhao, Yuhao; Zeng, Di; Goncalves, Fernando; Zhang, Xue; Chang, Longxiao; Ding, Ping; Si, Xingfeng
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; University of Copenhagen; East China Normal University; University of Exeter; University of Zurich
  摘要：Habitat fragmentation is causing the collapse of seed dispersal interactions and ecosystem functioning. When management and conservation strategies aim to sustain ecosystem functioning of fragmented forests, species' traits and functional performance are critical in guiding decisions. However, to date, we lack a quantitative understanding of the role of frugivores' body size and dispersal ability in ecosystem sustainability among fragmented forests. Focusing on avian frugivory and seed dispers...