-
作者：Bown, Chad P.; Crowley, Meredith A.
作者单位：The World Bank; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Cambridge; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of aggregate fluctuations on the time-varying trade policies of thirteen major emerging economies over 1989-2010; by 2010, these WTO member countries collectively accounted for 21% of world merchandise imports and 22% of world GDP. We examine determinants of carefully constructed, bilateral measures of new import restrictions on products arising through the temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies of antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing duties. We find evid...
-
作者：Brueckner, Markus; Gradstein, Mark
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We revisit the debate of whether government spending is procyclical in developing countries. Our main contribution is to argue that beyond exogeneity of the income shock, an empirical analysis of government spending cyclicality must be carefully tailored to the shock's persistence. We first illustrate this point in a simple intertemporal model. We then use instrumental variables estimation to characterize the response of government expenditures to exogenous shocks with different degrees of per...
-
作者：Mu, Ren; Zhang, Xiaobo
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Bush School of Government & Public Service; Peking University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Do elected leaders in an authoritarian regime have any real power? Does grassroots democracy in a one-party state entail parochial problems? Making use of primary survey data covering two election cycles in a mountainous area of China, where an administrative village consists of several natural villages (NVs), we find that elected village heads favor their home NVs in resource allocations, especially when these NVs have a large population. In contrast, the home NVs of appointed Communist Party...
-
作者：Araujo, Bruno Cesar; Paz, Lourenco S.
作者单位：Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada (IPEA); Universidade de Sao Paulo; Syracuse University
摘要：The impact of international trade on wages has received substantial attention in recent decades; but only recently the specific effects of exporting on wage inequality have been investigated in detail. This paper employs the unexpected 1999 Brazilian exchange rate devaluation to identify the effects of exporting on Brazilian manufacturing firm-level wages using employer-employee linked data. We find that this export shock increased the average wage gap between the high and low productivity fir...
-
作者：Sekhri, Sheetal; Storeygard, Adam
作者单位：University of Virginia; Tufts University
摘要：We examine the effect of rainfall shocks on dowry deaths using data from 583 Indian districts for 2002-2007. We find that a one standard deviation decline in annual rainfall from the local mean increases reported dowry deaths by 7.8%. Wet shocks have no apparent effect. We examine patterns of other crimes to investigate whether an increase in general unrest during economic downturns explains the results but do not find supportive evidence. Women's political representation in the national parli...
-
作者：Cook, C. Justin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：This paper explores the role of two foods, potatoes and milk, in explaining the increase in economic development experienced throughout the Old World in the 18th and 19th centuries. Nunn and Qian (2011) show the introduction of the potato from the New World has a significant explanatory role for within country population and urbanization growth over this period. I expand on this by considering the role of milk consumption, which is hypothesized to be a complement in diet to potatoes due to a d...
-
作者：Kazianga, Harounan; Masters, William A.; McMillan, Margaret S.
作者单位：Tufts University; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper addresses the role of tropical disease in rural demography and land use rights, using data from Onchocerciasis (river blindness) control in Burkina Faso. We combine a new survey of village elders with historical census data for 1975-2006 and geocoded maps of treatment under the regional Onchocerciasis Control Program (OCP). The OCP ran from 1975 to 2002, first spraying rivers to stop transmission and then distributing medicine to help those already infected. Controlling for time and...
-
作者：Lei, Yu-Hsiang; Michaels, Guy
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We use new data to examine the effects of giant oilfield discoveries around the world since 1946. On average, these discoveries increase per capita oil production and oil exports by up to 50%. But these giant oilfield discoveries also have a dark side: they increase the incidence of internal armed conflict by about 5-8 percentage points.This increased incidence of conflict due to giant oilfield discoveries is especially high for countries that had already experienced armed conflicts or coups i...
-
作者：Luoto, Jill; Levine, David; Albert, Jeff; Luby, Stephen
作者单位：RAND Corporation; Rand Health; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Stanford University
摘要：Consistent adoption of preventive health behaviors could save many lives, but we do not understand how to create consistent adoption. For example, low-cost point-of-use (POU) water treatment technologies such as chlorine and filters can substantially reduce diarrheal disease, a leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Nonetheless, these products are not consistently used anywhere in the developing world, even when available and heavily subsidized. We ran complementary randomized field studi...
-
作者：Calderon, Cesar; Rodrigo Fuentes, J.
作者单位：The World Bank; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：We document the properties of business cycles of 71 countries (23 industrial countries and 48 emerging market economies, or EMEs), from 1970q1 to 2012q4 using the Harding and Pagan dating algorithm. First, recessions are deeper, steeper and costlier among EMEs (especially in East Asia and Latin America). Second, recoveries are swifter and stronger among EMEs, partly due to stronger rebound effects. Third, recessions became less costly during the globalization period (1985-2007) for industrial ...
