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作者：Levinsohn, James; Pugatch, Todd
作者单位：Yale University; Oregon State University
摘要：Persistently high youth unemployment is one of the most pressing problems in South Africa. We prospectively analyze an employer wage subsidy targeted at youth, a policy recently enacted by the South African government to address the issue. Recognizing that a credible estimate of the policy's impact requires a model of the labor market that itself generates high unemployment in equilibrium, we estimate a structural search model that incorporates both observed heterogeneity and measurement error...
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作者：Fafchamps, Marcel; McKenzie, David; Quinn, Simon; Woodruff, Christopher
作者单位：University of Oxford; The World Bank; University of Warwick
摘要：Standard models of investment predict that credit-constrained firms should grow rapidly when given additional capital, and that how this capital is provided should not affect decisions to invest in the business or consume the capital. We randomly gave cash and in-kind grants to male- and female-owned microenterprises in urban Ghana. For women running subsistence enterprises we find no gain in profits from either treatment. For women with larger businesses we strongly reject equality of the cas...
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作者：Norback, Pehr-Johan; Persson, Lars; Douhan, Robin
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：What explains the world-wide trend of pro-entrepreneurial policies? We study entrepreneurial policy in the form of entry costs in a lobbying model taking into account the conflict of interest between entrepreneurs and incumbents. It is shown that international market integration leads to more pro-entrepreneurial policies, since it is then (i) more difficult to protect domestic incumbents and (ii) pro-entrepreneurial policies make foreign entrepreneurs less aggressive. Using the World Bank Doin...
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作者：Juhn, Chinhui; Ujhelyi, Gergely; Villegas-Sanchez, Carolina
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
摘要：This paper studies the effect of trade liberalization on an under-explored aspect of wage inequality gender inequality. We consider a model where firms differ in their productivity and workers are differentiated by skill as well as gender. A reduction in tariffs induces more productive firms to modernize their technology and enter the export market. New technologies involve computerized production processes and lower the need for physically demanding skills. As a result, the relative wage and ...
