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作者：Kosec, Katrina
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：What drives governments with similar revenues to provide very different amounts of goods with private sector substitutes? Education is a prime example. I use exogenous shocks to Brazilian municipalities' revenue during 1995-2008 generated by non-linearities in federal transfer laws to demonstrate two things. First, municipalities with higher income inequality or higher median income allocate less of a revenue shock to education and are less likely to expand public school enrollment. They are m...
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作者：Ardington, Cally; Baernighausen, Till; Case, Anne; Menendez, Alicia
作者单位：University of Cape Town; University of Kwazulu Natal; Princeton University; University of Chicago
摘要：We quantify the impact of adult deaths on household economic wellbeing, using a large longitudinal dataset spanning more than a decade. Verbal autopsies allow us to distinguish AIDS mortality from that due to other causes. The timing of the lower socioeconomic status observed for households with AIDS deaths suggests that the socioeconomic gradient in AIDS mortality is being driven primarily by poor households being at higher risk for AIDS, rather than AIDS impoverishing the households. Followi...
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作者：Berkowitz, Daniel; Hoekstra, Mark; Schoors, Koen
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; Ghent University
摘要：This paper examines whether privatizing state-owned banks improves finance and economic growth. To do so, we exploit regional banking variations in Russia induced by the idiosyncratic creation of specialized banks in the last years of the Soviet Union (1988-91) that were subsequently privatized. Starting in 1999 private banks including surviving spetsbanks emerged as an important source of external finance for private firms and households. We document that the regional concentration of spetsba...
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作者：Ghatak, Maitreesh; Karaivanov, Alexander
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Simon Fraser University
摘要：We analyze optimal contractual forms and equilibrium matching in a double-sided moral hazard model of sharecropping similar to Eswaran and Kotwal (1985). We show that, with endogenous matching, the presence of moral hazard can reverse the matching pattern relative to the first best, and that even if sharecropping is optimal for an exogenously given pair of agent types, it may not be observed in equilibrium with endogenous matching. The economy with endogenous matching features less sharecroppi...
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作者：Udry, Christopher
作者单位：Yale University
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作者：Bijwaard, Govert E.; Wahba, Jackline
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Southampton
摘要：We estimate the impact of the income earned in the host country on return migration of labor migrants from developing countries. We use a three-state correlated competing risks model to account for the strong dependence of labor market status and the income earned. Our analysis is based on administrative panel data of recent labor immigrants from developing countries to The Netherlands. The empirical results show that intensities of return migration are U-shaped with respect to migrants' incom...
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作者：Dang, Hai-Anh; Lanjouw, Peter; Luoto, Jill; McKenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank; RAND Corporation; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Movements in and out of poverty are of core interest to both policymakers and economists. Yet the panel data needed to analyze such movements are rare. In this paper we build on the methodology used to construct poverty maps to show how repeated cross-sections of household survey data can allow inferences to be made about movements in and out of poverty. We illustrate that the method permits the estimation of bounds on mobility, and provide non-parametric and parametric approaches to obtaining...
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作者：Dercon, Stefan; Hill, Ruth Vargas; Clarke, Daniel; Outes-Leon, Ingo; Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum
作者单位：University of Oxford; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); The World Bank
摘要：We show theoretically that the presence of basis risk in index insurance makes it a complement to informal risk sharing, implying that index insurance crowds-in risk sharing and leading to a prediction that demand will be higher among groups of individuals that can share risk. We report results from Ethiopia from a first attempt to market weather insurance to informal risk-sharing groups. The groups were offered training on risk management and insurance. We randomized the content of training p...
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作者：Felipe Cespedes, Luis; Velasco, Andres
作者单位：Universidad Adolfo Ibanez; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We revisit the issue of fiscal procyclicality in commodity-rich nations-commodity republics in the nomenclature of this paper. Since commodity prices are plausibly a main driver of fiscal policy outcomes in these countries, we focus on the behavior of fiscal variables across the commodity cycle, in contrast to behavior across the output cycle, which has been the main focus of earlier research on fiscal procyclicality. We present evidence of reduced fiscal policy procyclicality in a number of c...
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作者：Chitu, Livia; Eichengreen, Barry; Mehl, Arnaud
作者单位：European Central Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We offer new evidence on the emergence of the dollar as the leadin'g international currency focusing on its role as currency of denomination in global bond markets. We show that the dollar overtook sterling much earlier than commonly supposed, as early as in 1929. Financial development appears to have been the main factor helping the dollar to overcome sterling's head start. The finding that a shift from a unipolar to a multipolar international monetary and financial system has happened before...
