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作者：Chung, Kim-Sau; Lu, Chia-Hui
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Chinese University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：There are two opposite views regarding whether stronger protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) will benefit or hurt the South. We provide a unification using a model of directed innovations with identical but non-homothetic preferences. For the South, a major benefit of protecting IPRs is incentivizing innovations that better address its needs (the directed-innovation benefit), and a major cost is yielding monopoly rents to innovators (the monopoly-rent cost). When preferences are n...
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作者：Ahsan, Reshad N.; Mitra, Devashish
作者单位：University of Melbourne; Syracuse University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We examine the impact of trade reforms initiated in 1991 on labor's share in revenue among a sample of Indian firms. Theoretically, trade reforms will affect this share by reducing firm-level price-cost markups as well as the bargaining power of workers. A simple model suggests that these changes can have ambiguous effects on firm-level labor share and that the net effect of trade reforms will depend on the labor intensity of production. Using firm-level data from India, our empirical results ...
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作者：Lessmann, Christian
作者单位：Technische Universitat Dresden; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper studies the hypothesis of an inverted-U-shaped relationship between spatial inequality and economic development The theory of Kuznets (1955) and Williamson (1965) suggests that (spatial) inequality first increases in the process of development, and then decreases. To test this hypothesis I have used a unique panel data set of spatial inequalities in 56 countries at different stages of economic development, covering the period 1980-2009. Parametric and semiparametric regressions are ...
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作者：Mishra, Prachi; Montiel, Peter; Pedroni, Peter; Spilimbergo, Antonio
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Williams College; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper studies the transmission of monetary shocks to lending rates in a large sample of advanced, emerging, and low-income countries. Transmission is measured by the impulse response of bank lending rates to monetary policy shocks. Long-run restrictions are used to identify such shocks. Using a heterogeneous structural panel VAR approach, we find that there is wide variation in the response of bank lending rates to a monetary policy innovation across countries. Monetary policy shocks are ...
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作者：Head, Keith; Jing, Ran; Swenson, Deborah L.
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of International Business & Economics; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Four of the world's five largest retailers-Walmart, Carrefour, Tesco, and Metro entered China after 1995, following new policies that allowed foreign retailers to participate more fully in the Chinese retail market. As each retailer added both stores and global procurement centers, they created unique footprints that caused Chinese cities to be differentially exposed to the activities of these global retailers. We exploit these differences to identify the effect of multinational retailer prese...
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作者：Doi, Yoko; McKenzie, David; Zia, Bilal
作者单位：The World Bank; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：There has long been a concern among policymakers that too much of remittances are consumed and too little saved, limiting the development impact of migration. Financial literacy programs have become an increasingly popular way to try and address this issue, but to date there is no evidence that they are effective in inducing savings among remittance-receiving households, nor is it clear whether such programs are best targeted at the migrant, the remittance receiver, or both. We conducted a ran...
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作者：Lu, Fangwen
作者单位：Renmin University of China
摘要：This study examines doctors' prescribing decisions using controlled hospital visits with randomized patient insurance and doctor incentive status. The results suggest that, when they expect to obtain a proportion of patients' drug expenditures, doctors write 43% more expensive prescriptions to insured patients than to uninsured patients. These differences are largely explained by an agency hypothesis that doctors act out of self-interest by prescribing unnecessary or excessively expensive drug...
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作者：Markussen, Thomas; Tarp, Finn
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen
摘要：This paper uses household panel data from rural Vietnam to explore the effects of having a relative in a position of political or bureaucratic power. Our results suggest that households increase their investment in land improvements due to such ties. Likely explanations are that connections to office holders strengthen de facto land property rights and access to both credit and transfers. Results also indicate that officials prefer to use informal rather than formal channels of redistribution ...
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作者：Lindner, Ines; Strulik, Holger
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Gottingen
摘要：This paper introduces the Small World model into the theory of economic growth and investigates how increasing economic integration affects firm size and efficiency, norm enforcement, and aggregate economic performance. When economic integration is low and local connectivity is high, informal norms control entrepreneurial behavior and more integration mainly improves search for investment opportunities. At a higher level of economic integration neighborhood enforcement deteriorates and formal ...
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作者：Kaarsen, Nicolai
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This paper constructs a cross-country measure of the quality of education using a novel approach based on international test scores data. The first main finding is that there are large differences in education quality - one year of schooling in the U.S. is equivalent to three or more years of schooling in a number of low-income countries. I incorporate the estimated series for schooling quality in an accounting framework calibrated using evidence on Mincerian returns. This leads to the second ...
