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作者：Nguimkeu, Pierre
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：Understanding the informal sector - that represents about 60-90% of urban employment in developing countries has a significant importance for any strategy and policy interventions aiming to alleviate poverty and improve welfare. I formulate and estimate a model of entrepreneurial choice to address the heterogeneity in occupations and earnings observed within the informal sector. I test the implications of the model with reduced form and non-parametric techniques, and use a structural econometr...
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作者：Chu, Angus C.; Cozzi, Guido; Galli, Silvia
作者单位：University of Liverpool; University of St Gallen
摘要：Inspired by the Chinese experience, we develop a Schumpeterian growth model of distance to frontier in which economic growth in the developing country is driven by domestic innovation as well as imitation and transfer of foreign technologies through foreign direct investment. We show that optimal intellectual property rights (IPR) protection is stage-dependent. At an early stage of development, the country implements weak IPR protection to facilitate imitation. At a later stage of development,...
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作者：Felbermayr, Gabriel; Groeschl, Jasmin
作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Growth theory predicts that natural disasters should, on impact, lower GDP per capita. However, the empirical literature does not offer conclusive evidence. Most existing studies use disaster data drawn from damage records of insurance companies. We argue that this may lead to estimation bias as damage data and the selection into the database may correlate with GDP. We build a comprehensive database of disaster events and their intensities from primary geophysical and meteorological informatio...
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作者：Fenske, James
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作者：Gine, Xavier; Karlan, Dean S.
作者单位：The World Bank; Yale University; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Group liability in microcredit purports to improve repayment rates through peer screening, monitoring, and enforcement. However, it may create excessive pressure, and discourage reliable clients from borrowing. Two randomized trials tested the overall effect, as well as specific mechanisms. The first removed group liability from pre-existing groups and the second randomly assigned villages to either group or individual liability loans. In both, groups still held weekly meetings. We find no inc...
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作者：Plante, Michael
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：Many developing and emerging market countries have subsidies on fuel products. Using a small open economy model with a non-traded sector, I show how these subsidies impact the steady state levels of macroeconomic aggregates such as consumption, labor supply, and aggregate welfare. These subsidies can lead to crowding out of non-oil consumption, inefficient inter-sectoral allocations of labor, and other distortions in macroeconomic variables. Across steady states, aggregate welfare is reduced b...
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作者：Chowdhury, Shyamal; Chowdhury, Prabal Roy; Sengupta, Kunal
作者单位：University of Sydney; Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi
摘要：This paper develops a theory of sequential lending in groups in micro-finance that centers on the notion of dynamic incentives, in particular the simple idea that default incentives should be relatively uniformly distributed across time. In a framework that allows project returns to accrue over time, as well as strategic default, we show that sequential lending can help resolve problems arising out of coordinated default, thus improving project efficiency vis-a-vis individual lending. Inter al...
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作者：Chernina, Eugenia; Dower, Paul Castaneda; Markevich, Andrei
作者单位：HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); New Economic School; New Economic School; University of Warwick
摘要：In the early twentieth century, a large number of households resettled from the European to the Asian part of the Russian Empire. We propose that this dramatic migration was rooted in institutional changes initiated by the 1906 Stolypin land titling reform. One might expect better property rights to decrease the propensity to migrate by improving economic conditions in the reform area. However, this titling reform increased land liquidity and actually promoted migration by easing financial con...
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作者：Claessens, Stijn; Ueda, Kenichi; Yafeh, Yishay
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Amsterdam; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); European Corporate Governance Institute; International Monetary Fund; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Tokyo
摘要：Using an enhanced version of the standard investment model, we estimate how institutions affect financial frictions at the firm (micro) level and, through the required rate of return, at the country (macro) level. Based on some 78,000 firm-year observations from 40 countries over the period 1990-2007, we show that good shareholder rights lower financial frictions, especially for firms with large external finance relative to their capital stock (e.g., small, growing or distressed firms). Howeve...
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作者：Hungerman, Daniel M.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A large literature explores crowd out in situations where public goods are jointly provided; work in this area typically depicts a tax system where individuals take taxes as given. But in some settings, such as those in developing economies, efforts to evade or avoid taxes may be widespread. Using the canonical warm-glow model, this paper considers joint public-good provision in a setting where individuals can evade taxes by hiding their income. The model's implications change significantly in...
