-
作者：Vanberg, Christoph
作者单位：Max Planck Society
摘要：Arguably the most important campaign finance regulations in U.S. federal elections are limits imposed on individual campaign contributions. One of the principal arguments in support of these contribution limits has been that they equalize the influence of individual donors and thereby cause candidates' aggregate financial resources to more accurately reflect public support. I construct a formal model to evaluate this argument. The analysis shows that a necessary condition for it to apply is th...
-
作者：da Costa, Carlos E.; Severo, Tiago
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This paper characterizes optimal income taxes and human capital policies in a two period Mirrlees economy. Agents, differentiated by their preferences at birth, invest in human capital not knowing in advance the returns of such investment. Clear cut prescriptions are not always possible even when we focus on specific assumptions about the relative importance of heterogeneity at birth and heterogeneity that arises later in life. Yet, we are still able to identify which combinations of policies ...
-
作者：Boadway, Robin; Buettner, Thiess; Wildasin, David E.
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Kentucky; University of Kentucky
-
作者：Lavy, Victor
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of London; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Schools and teachers are often said to be a source of stereotypes that harm girls. This paper tests for the existence of gender stereotyping and discrimination by public high-school teachers in Israel. It uses a natural experiment based on blind and non-blind scores that students receive on matriculation exams in their senior year. Using data on test results in several subjects in the humanities and sciences, I found, contrary to expectations, that male students face discrimination in each sub...
-
作者：Di Tella, Rafael; Dubra, Juan
作者单位：Harvard University; Universidad de Montevideo
摘要：We observe that countries where belief in the American dream(i.e., effort pays) prevails also set harsher punishment for criminals. We know that beliefs are also correlated with several features of the economic system (taxation, social insurance, etc). Our objective is to study the joint determination of these three features (beliefs, punitiveness and economic system) in a way that replicates the observed empirical patterns. We present a model where beliefs determine the types of contracts tha...
-
作者：Krysiak, Frank C.
作者单位：University of Basel
摘要：It is well-known that price- and quantity-based regulation approaches provide different investment incentives. But usually, only the effect on the level of investment is studied. In this paper, we show that under uncertainty, they also lead to the adoption of different technologies due to the disparate risks that a regulated firm is exposed to. Different regulatory instruments induce different technologies and this effect cannot be compensated by varying the design of the instruments. Furtherm...
-
作者：Alesina, Alberto; Tabellini, Guido
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Policies are typically chosen by politicians and bureaucrats. This paper investigates first the normative criteria with which to allocate policy tasks to elected policymakers (politicians) or non-elected bureaucrats. Politicians are preferable if there is uncertainty about social preferences and flexibility is valuable, or if policy complementarities and compensation of losers is important. Bureaucrats are preferable if time inconsistency and short-termism is an issue, or if vested interests h...
-
作者：Corneo, Giacomo; Fong, Christina M.
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Free University of Berlin; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：This paper proposes a model that can be implemented to estimate the willingness to pay for distributive justice, defined as distribution according to desert. We derive a formula that allows one to recover the willingness to pay for distributive justice from fiscal data and the estimated coefficients of a probit regression. Using this formula and data from a 1998 Gallup Social Audit, we find that on average the monetary value of justice for US households amounts to about one fifth of their disp...
-
作者：Gustavsson, Magnus; Jordahl, Henrik
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Uppsala University
摘要：We present new evidence on the influence of income inequality on generalized trust. Using individual panel data from Swedish counties together with an instrumental variable strategy, we find that differences in disposable income, and especially differences among people in the bottom half of the income distribution, are associated with lower trust. The relationship between income inequality and trust is particularly strong for people with a strong aversion against income differentials. We also ...
-
作者：Konow, James; Earley, Joseph
作者单位：Loyola Marymount University
摘要：The Hedonistic Paradox states that homo economicus, or someone who seeks happiness for him- or herself, will not find it, but the person who helps others will. This study examines two questions in connection with happiness and generosity. First, do more generous people, as identified in dictator experiments, report on average greater happiness, or subjective well-being (SVM), as measured by responses to various questionnaires? Second, if the answer is affirmative, what is the causal relationsh...
