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作者：Goodman, Joshua
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Most states now fund merit-based financial aid programs, the effects of which depend on how strongly students react to changes in college costs. I estimate such reactions using quasi-experimental aspects of a recent Massachusetts merit scholarship program intended to attract talented students to the state's public colleges. Despite its small monetary value, the Adams Scholarship induced 6% of winners to choose four-year public colleges instead of four-year private colleges, suggesting an elast...
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作者：Layard, Richard
摘要：The findings of behavioural economics and happiness research pose serious challenges for public policy analysis. Key findings relate to externality (people's happiness depends on what others have) mistakes (which arise from ignorance or misforecasting of happiness), and tastes (which are not exogenous but affected by public policy). In this special issue the author discusses how to modify the traditional framework to allow for these uncomfortable facts, and how to exploit our new knowledge abo...
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作者：Machin, Stephen; McNally, Sandra
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：In countries like the UK and the US, a significant and challenging problem facing educators is how to ensure that future generations do not suffer from the severe basic skills problems that currently hinder a sizeable group of adults. We look at a primary school programme introduced into English schools, the literacy hour, to work out whether changing the structure and content of teaching can enhance literacy skills, thus acting as a tool to alleviate problems of low literacy. Our results poin...
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作者：Snyder, James M., Jr.; Ting, Michael M.
作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We develop a model of interest group influence in the presence of repeated electoral competition. In each period of the game, an interest group attempts to buy an incumbent's policy choice, and a voter chooses whether to replace the incumbent with an unknown challenger. The voter faces a tension between retaining good politician types and rewarding past performance. The model predicts that above average incumbents face little discipline, but others are disciplined increasingly - and re-elected...
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作者：Mayer, Adalbert; Puller, Steven L.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：This paper documents the structure and composition of social networks on university campuses and investigates the processes that lead to their formation. Using administrative data and information from Facebook.com, we document the factors that are the strongest predictors of whether two students are friends. Race is strongly related to social ties, even after controlling for a variety of measures of socioeconomic background, ability, and college activities. We develop a model of the formation ...
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作者：Chirinko, Robert S.; Wilson, Daniel J.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Over the past four decades, state investment tax incentives have proliferated. This emergence of state investment tax credits (ITC) and other investment tax incentives raises two important questions: I) Are these tax incentives effective in achieving their stated objective, to increase investment within the state?: 2) To the extent these incentives raise investment within the state, how much of this increase is due to investment drawn away from other states? To begin to answer these questions,...
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作者：Armenter, Roc
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Optimal capital taxes may be positive in the steady state in Ramsey models with an incomplete set of factor taxes. I show this possibility crucially depends on how fiscal policy is constrained at date t=0. If the government is barred from manipulating the value of initial assets, the Chamley-Judd result reappears: the optimal capital tax is always zero in the steady state. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Wendner, Ronald; Goulder, Lawrence H.
作者单位：University of Graz; Stanford University
摘要：Most studies of the optimal provision of public goods or the excess burden from taxation assume that individual utility is independent of other individuals' consumption. This paper investigates public good provision and excess burden in a model that allows for interdependence in consumption in the form of status (relative consumption) effects. In the presence of such effects, consumption and labor taxes no longer are pure distortionary taxes but have a corrective tax element that addresses an ...
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作者：Galasso, Vincenzo
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Conventional economic wisdom suggests that because of the aging process, social security systems will have to be retrenched. In particular, retirement age will have to be largely increased. Yet, is this policy measure feasible in OECD countries? Since the answer belongs mainly to the realm of politics, I evaluate the political feasibility of postponing retirement under aging in France, Italy, the UK, and the US. Simulations for the year 2050 steady state demographic, economic and political sce...
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作者：Martimort, David; Semenov, Aggey
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; National University of Singapore
摘要：We use a mechanism design approach to study the organization of interest groups in an informational model of lobbying. Interest groups influence the legislature only by communicating private information on their preferences and not by means of monetary transfers. Interest groups have private information on their ideal points in a one-dimensional policy space and may either compete or adopt more collusive behaviors. Optimal policies result from a trade-off between imposing rules which are non-r...
