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作者：Philipson, Tomas; Berndt, Ernst R.; Gottschalk, Adrian H. B.; Sun, Eric
作者单位：University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); RAND Corporation
摘要：The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is estimated to regulate markets accounting for about 20% of consumer spending in the U.S. Despite the FDA's strict adherence to evidence-based evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the products it regulates, there exists no generally agreed upon evidence-based methodology to evaluate the agency's own safety and efficacy record. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate FDA policies in general, and the central speed-safety tradeoff it faces, i...
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作者：Seidmann, Daniel J.
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：A plurality-rule spatial committee can select an extreme decision if a bare minority of members prefer the opposite extreme decision: the majority who prefer a moderate decision are immobilised by internal divisions. Consequently, a nominator may appoint candidates with the opposite preference ordering so as to build up the bare minority. Our results may explain why Disraeli extended the franchise to skilled male workers in 1867 against centrist opposition; and why an electorate whose preferen...
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作者：Apinunmahakul, Amornrat; Devlin, Rose Anne
作者单位：University of Ottawa; National Institute of Development Administration - Thailand
摘要：A theoretical model is provided in which an individual's social network enhances the consumption benefits from the public good. We find conditions under which investments in network enhancing infrastructure would encourage individuals to donate time and money to charity. An empirical investigation of the link between networks and private philanthropy is undertaken using the Canadian National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating. We find strong evidence that networks promote donatio...
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作者：Mayer, Susan E.; Lopoo, Leonard M.
作者单位：Syracuse University; University of Chicago
摘要：The standard model of intergenerational mobility suggests that holding constant endowments, investments in children's human capital increases their future income. If true, the source of the investment should not matter even though almost all research on intergenerational mobility considers only parental investment. Much government spending is intended to reduce the investment gap between rich and poor children. We assess the relationship between government spending and intergenerational econom...
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作者：Behaghel, Luc; Creon, Bruno; Sedillot, Beatrice
作者单位：INRAE; Paris School of Economics; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：French firms laying off workers aged 50 and above have to pay a tax to the unemployment insurance system, known as the Delalande tax. We evaluate the impact of this tax on layoffs as well as on hiring, taking advantage of several changes in the measure since its introduction in 1987. A legislative change in 1992 exempted firms from the tax for workers who were hired after age 50. Following this change, the transition rate from unemployment to employment increased significantly for workers over...
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作者：Kumar, Anil
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA 1986) has provided an invaluable source of variation in tax rates to study the effects of tax reforms on labor supply in the US. Most existing studies exploiting variation generated by TRA 1986 have used cross-sectional variation in tax rates or assumed a linear labor supply function or have not couched their analysis in a nonlinear budget set framework. This paper uses the drastic variation in the budget set induced by TRA 1986 as a source of identification and com...
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作者：Graversen, Brian Krogh; van Ours, Jan C.
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Melbourne
摘要：This paper investigates how a mandatory activation program in Denmark affects the job finding rate of unemployed workers. The activation program was introduced in an experimental setting where about half of the workers who became unemployed in the period from November 2005 to March 2006 were randomly assigned to the program while the other half was not. It appears that the activation program is very effective. The median unemployment duration of the control group is 14 weeks, while it is 11.5 ...
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作者：Krueger, Alan B.; Schkade, David A.
作者单位：Princeton University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This paper studies the test-retest reliability of a standard self-reported life satisfaction measure and of affect measures collected from a diary method. The sample consists of 229 women who were interviewed on Thursdays, two weeks apart, in Spring 2005. The correlation of net affect (i.e., duration-weighted positive feelings less negative feelings) measured two weeks apart is .64, which is slightly higher than the correlation of life satisfaction (r = .59). Correlations between income, net a...
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作者：Asker, John
作者单位：New York University
摘要：This paper studies the effect of a subsidy (or tax) on a market where a downstream manufacturer uses a competitive tender to procure inputs from upstream suppliers. Subsidizing input production can result in input price decreases that are greater than the effective decrease in marginal costs. That is, overshifting occurs. When the size of the subsidy is not too large, the downstream firm can enjoy an increase in profits greater than the government expenditure on the subsidy. A relatively weak ...
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作者：Aronsson, Thomas; Johansson-Stenman, Olof
作者单位：Umea University; University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper considers a model with nonlinear income taxation and public good provision when people care about their relative consumption compared to others. The standard optimality expressions are modified by terms that reflect the extent to which people care about relative consumption. The extent to which the public good provision rule should be modified is shown to depend critically on the preference elicitation format. The modified tax formulas imply substantially higher marginal income tax ...
