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作者：Kyyra, Tomi; Ollikainen, Virve
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：In Finland the older unemployed can collect unemployment insurance benefits until retirement, while the entitlement period for younger groups is two years. In 1997 the eligibility age of persons benefiting from extended benefits was raised from 53 to 55. This paper takes advantage of this quasi-experimental setting to identify the effect of extended benefits on transitions out of unemployment among the older unemployed. We apply a competing risks version of a split population duration model to...
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作者：Keely, Louise C.; Tan, Chill Ming
作者单位：Tufts University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Recent research suggests that income redistribution preferences vary across identity groups. We employ statistical learning methods that emphasize pattern recognition; classification and regression trees (CART (TM)) and random forests (RandomForests (TM)) to uncover what these groups are. Using data from the General Social Survey, we find that, out of a large set of identity markers only race, gender, age, and socioeconomic class are important classifiers for income redistribution preferences....
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作者：Greenberg, David H.; Robins, Philip K.
作者单位：University of Miami
摘要：Benefit-cost analysis is used extensively in the evaluation of social programs. Often, the success or failure of these programs is judged on the basis of whether the calculated net benefits to society are positive or negative. Almost all existing benefit-cost studies of social programs count entire increases in income accruing to participants in a social program as net benefits to society. However, economic theory implies that the conceptually appropriate measure of the impact of a government ...
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作者：Conconi, Paola; Perroni, Carlo; Riezman, Raymond
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of Warwick; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Iowa
摘要：We consider a setting in which capital taxation is characterized by two distortions working in opposite directions. On one hand, governments engage in tax competition and are tempted to lower capital tax rates. On the other hand, they are unable to commit to future policies and, once capital has been installed, have incentives to increase taxes. In this setting, there exists a tax that optimally trades off the two distortions. We compare three possible tax harmonization scenarios: no tax harmo...
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作者：Ludema, Rodney D.; Ofsgard, Anders
作者单位：Georgetown University; Georgetown University
摘要：When a government creates an agency to gather information relevant to policymaking, it faces two critical organizational questions: whether the agency should be given authority to decide on policy or merely supply advice, and what should the policy goals of the agency be. Existing literature on the first question is unable to address the second, because the question of authority becomes moot if the government can simply replicate its preferences within the agency. In contrast, this paper exami...
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作者：Belan, Pascal; Gauthier, Stephane; Laroque, Guy
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Nantes Universite
摘要：Indirect taxes contribute to a sizeable part of government revenues around the world. Typically there are few different tax rates, and the goods are partitioned into classes associated with each rate. The present paper studies how to group the goods in these few classes. We take as given the number of tax rates and study the optimal aggregation (or classification) of commodities of the fiscal authority in a second best setup. The results are illustrated on data from the United Kingdom. (c) 200...
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作者：Mattozzi, Andrea; Merlo, Antonio
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Two main career paths are prevalent among politicians in modem democracies: there are career politicians (i.e., politicians who work in the political sector until retirement), and political careers (i.e., there are politicians who leave politics before retirement and work in the private sector). In this paper, we propose a dynamic equilibrium model of the careers of politicians in an environment with a private sector and a political sector, where individuals are heterogeneous with respect to t...
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作者：Brooks, Leah
作者单位：McGill University
摘要：When the median voter's preference sets the level of local public goods, some voters are left unsatisfied. Is there an institution by which subsets of voters can resolve the collective action problem and increase the local provision of public goods? If so, what are the consequences? In response to problems such as crime and vandalism, neighborhood property owners have established Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) to provide local public goods. When a BID is approved by a majority of proper...
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作者：Kind, Hans Jarle; Koethenbuerger, Marko; Schjelderup, Guttorm
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Munich
摘要：This paper examines the efficient provision of goods in two-sided markets and characterizes optimal specific and ad-valorem taxes. We show that (i) a monopoly may have too high output compared to the social optimum; (ii) output may be reduced by posing negative value-added taxes (subsidy) or positive specific taxes.(c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Oswald, A. J.; Powdthavee, N.
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of London
摘要：This paper is an empirical study of partial hedonic adaptation. It provides longitudinal evidence that people who become disabled go on to exhibit considerable recovery in mental well-being. In fixed-effects equations we estimate the degree of hedonic adaptation at depending on the severity of the disability approximately 30% to 50%. Our calculations should be viewed as illustrative; more research, on other data sets, is needed. Nevertheless, we discuss potential implications of our results fo...
