-
作者：Cheron, Amaud; Hairault, Jean-Olivier; Langot, Francois
作者单位：Le Mans Universite; Universite Catholique de Lille; EDHEC Business School; Le Mans Universite; heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne
摘要：Phelps [Phelps, E. (1994): Low-wage employment subsidies versus the welfare state, American Economic Review 84, 54-58.] presented the case for a low-wage subsidy policy. Since the mid-1990s, France has experimented with this strategy. This paper evaluates the effect of this policy on employment and also on output and welfare. We construct an equilibrium search model incorporating wage posting and specific human capital investment, where unemployment and the distribution of both wages and produ...
-
作者：Kotsogiannis, Christos; Schwager, Robert
作者单位：University of Gottingen; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); University of Exeter
摘要：A common feature of multi-jurisdictional systems is equalization programs. The implementation of such programs, that is based on some measurement of sub-national fiscal capacity and effort, is particularly complex. Within a political economy model, this paper analyzes the impact of such systems on accountability, identifying a positive and a negative effect. The positive effect arises because with equalized fiscal resources, a consequence of equalization, citizens attach more importance to any...
-
作者：Shen, Yan; Yao, Yang
作者单位：Peking University
摘要：Using village and household survey data collected from 48 villages of eight Chinese provinces for the period 1986-2002, this paper studies how the introduction of village elections affects income distribution at the village level. We estimate both a static fixed-effect panel model and a dynamic panel model for the within-village Gini coefficient and take care of the endogeneity of the introduction of elections. The dynamic panel model shows that having elections reduces the Gini coefficient by...
-
作者：Stancanelli, Elena G. F.
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Cote d'Azur; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po)
摘要：This paper investigates the employment impact of a new tax-credit programme that was put in place in France in 2001. According to the theoretical labour supply model, tax credits will have a positive effect on individual labour market participation as they increase the rewards from work. However, tax credits may discourage married women's participation mainly due to income effects. We analyse the introduction of the French measure by adopting a non-experimental evaluation method. Various treat...
-
作者：Donni, Olivier
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：We consider the collective model of labor supply with marketable domestic production. We first show that, if domestic production is mistakenly ignored, the 'collective' indirect utility functions that are retrieved from observed behavior will be unbiased if and only if the retrieved from observed behavior will be unbiased if and only if the profit function is additive. Otherwise, in the non-additive case, the direction and the size of the bias will depend on the complementarity-substitutabilit...
-
作者：Carbone, Jared C.; Smith, V. Kerry
作者单位：Williams College; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：We report on the results of analytical and numerical models that describe the effects of non-separable externalities (or public goods) on public policies with important general equilibrium consequences. In the numerical exercise, we calibrate a general equilibrium model with non-separable air quality benefits in order to measure the excess burden and total net benefits of transportation and energy taxes in the 1995 U.S. economy. The change in the physical level and the economic value in air qu...
-
作者：Devereux, Michael P.; Lockwood, Ben; Redoano, Michela
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Warwick
摘要：This paper investigates whether OECD countries compete with each other over corporation taxes, and whether such competition can explain the fall in statutory tax rates in the 1980s and 1990s. We develop a model in which multinational firms choose their capital stock in response to an effective marginal tax rate (EMTR), and simultaneously choose the location of their profit in response to differences in statutory tax rates. Governments engage in two-dimensional tax competition: they simultaneou...
-
作者：Huizinga, Harry; Nielsen, Soren Bo
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Tilburg University
摘要：Internationalization offers enhanced opportunities for individuals to place savings abroad and evade domestic saving taxation. This paper asks whether the concomitant loss of saving taxation necessarily is harmful. To this end we construct a model of many symmetric countries in which public goods are financed by taxes on saving and investment. There is international cross-ownership of firms, and countries are assumed to be unable to tax away pure profits. Countries then face an incentive to im...
-
作者：Andersen, Torben M.
作者单位：Aarhus University; Aarhus University
摘要：Increasing longevity causes an upward trend in the dependency ratio in many countries. This raises concerns about the financial sustainability of social security schemes, and reform proposals and initiatives abound. It is shown that a fundamental policy choice inevitably arises since a given social security system cannot be maintained by simply indexing pension ages to longevity. The political reform process is analysed using the so-called legislative procedure. When longevity increases, the r...
-
作者：Casarico, Alessandra; Devillanova, Carlo
作者单位：Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：wThis paper analyses the general equilibrium implications of reforming pay-as-you-go pension systems in an economy with heterogeneous agents, human capital investment and capital-skill complementarity. It shows that increasing funding, by raising savings, delivers in the long run higher physical and human capital and therefore higher output, but also higher across-group wage and income inequality. It also shows that the general equilibrium effects induced by this reform affect groups' sizes in...
