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作者：Cremer, Helmuth; De Donder, Philippe; Gahvari, Firouz
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Institut Universitaire de France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：This paper presents a political economy model that is consistent with the low rate of emission taxes in the U.S., as well as the fact that neither Democrats nor Republicans propose to increase them. The voters differ according to their wage and capital incomes. They vote over the emission tax rate and a budgetary rule that specifies how to redistribute the tax proceeds. The political competition is modeled a la Roemer [Roemer, J., 2001. Political Competition: Theory and Applications. Harvard U...
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作者：Hindriks, Jean; Peralta, Susana; Weber, Shlomo
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Southern Methodist University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The paper considers a model of federation with two heterogeneous regions that try to attract the capital by competing in capital income taxes and public investment that enhance the productivity of capital. Regions' choices determine allocation of capital across the regions and their revenues under a tax sharing scheme. This framework allows for the examination of different approaches to fiscal equalization schemes [Boadway, R., Flatters, F., 1982. Efficiency and equalization payments in a fede...
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作者：Layard, R.; Nickell, S.; Mayraz, G.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Oxford
摘要：In normative public economics it is crucial to know how fast the marginal utility of income declines as income increases. One needs this parameter for cost-benefit analysis, for optimal taxation and for the (Atkinson) measurement of inequality. We estimate this parameter using four large cross-sectional surveys of subjective happiness and two panel surveys. Altogether, the data cover over 50 countries and time periods between 1972 and 2005. In each of the six very different surveys, using a nu...
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作者：Finkelstein, Amy; McKnight, Robin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Oregon
摘要：We study the impact of the introduction of one of the major pillars of the social insurance system in the United States: the introduction of Medicare in 1965. Our results suggest that, in its first 10 years, the establishment of universal health insurance for the elderly had no discernible impact on elderly mortality. However, we find a substantial reduction in the elderly's exposure to out of pocket medical expenditure risk. Specifically, we estimate that the introduction of Medicare was asso...
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作者：Herrera, Hellos; Levine, David K.; Martinelli, Cesar
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：We model electoral competition between two parties in a winner-take-all election. Parties choose strategically first their platforms and then their campaign spending under aggregate uncertainty about voters' preferences. We use the model to examine why campaign spending in the United States has increased at the same time that politics has become more polarized. We find that a popular explanation - more accurate targeting of campaign spending - is not consistent. While accurate targeting may le...
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作者：Reuben, Ernesto; van Winden, Frans
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Northwestern University
摘要：This is an experimental study of negative reciprocity in the case of multiple reciprocators. We use a three-player power-to-take game where a proposer is matched with two responders. We compare a treatment in which responders are anonymous to each other (strangers) with one in which responders know each other from outside the lab (friends). We focus on the responders' decisions, beliefs, and emotions. Our main findings are (1) friends punish the proposer more than strangers, (2) friends are mo...
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作者：Frank, Robert H.
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：A nice suit is one that compares favorably with those worn by others in the same local environment. More generally, a positional good is one whose utility depends strongly on how it compares with others in the same category. A positional externality occurs when new purchases alter the relevant context within which an existing positional good is evaluated. For example, if some job candidates begin wearing expensive custom-tailored suits, a side effect of their action is that other candidates be...
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作者：Revelli, Federico
作者单位：University of Turin
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of tax and public service performance on English local government popularity by using data on local property taxes, service performance ratings and local election results after the introduction of a system of evaluation of local government performance (Comprehensive Performance Assessment). The evidence emerging from estimation of a re-election equation offers a somewhat more rounded portrait of the voter than the conventional fiscal conservative icon, by hig...
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作者：Foellmi, Reto; Oechslin, Manuel
作者单位：University of Zurich
摘要：Recent macroeconomic research discusses credit market imperfections as a key channel through which inequality retards growth: With convex technologies, progressive transfers increase aggregate output because marginal returns become more equalized across investment opportunities. We argue that this reasoning may not hold in general equilibrium. Since the investment functions are concave in wealth, reducing inequality increases capital demand and the interest rate. Hence, through the impact on c...
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作者：Brown, Thomas C.; Kingsley, David; Peterson, George L.; Flores, Nicholas E.; Clarke, Andrea; Birjulin, Andrej
作者单位：United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We examined the reliability of a large set of paired comparison value judgments involving public goods, private goods, and sums of money. As respondents progressed through a random sequence of paired choices they were each given, their response time decreased and they became more consistent, apparently fine-tuning their responses, suggesting that respondents tend to begin a hypothetical value exercise with relatively imprecise preferences and that experience in expressing preference helps redu...
