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作者：Jackman, William R.; Portillo, Lyn S. Miranda; Cox, Carol K.; Ambrosio, Alison; Gibert, Yann
作者单位：Bowdoin College; University of Mississippi; University of Mississippi Medical Center; University of Mississippi Medical Center; University of Mississippi
摘要：According to Dollo's Law of irreversibility in evolution, a lost structure is usually considered to be unable to reappear in evolution due to the accumulation over time of mutations in the genes required for its formation. Cypriniform fish are a classic model of evolutionary loss because, while they form fully operational teeth in the ventral posterior pharynx, unlike other teleosts, they do not possess oral teeth. Paleontological data show that Cypriniforms, a clade of teleost fish that inclu...
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作者：Sheppard, Sam; Srpan, Katja; Lin, Wendy; Lee, Mariah; Delconte, Rebecca B.; Owyong, Mark; Carmeliet, Peter; Davis, Daniel M.; Xavier, Joao B.; Hsu, Katharine C.; Sun, Joseph C.
作者单位：Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Imperial College London; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; KU Leuven; KU Leuven
摘要：Natural killer (NK) cells are a vital part of the innate immune system capable of rapidly clearing mutated or infected cells from the body and promoting an immune response. Here, we find that NK cells activated by viral infection or tumor challenge increase uptake of fatty acids and their expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1A), a critical enzyme for long - chain fatty acid oxidation. Using a mouse model with an NK cell-specific deletion of CPT1A, combined with stable 13C isotop...
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作者：Xu, Bincheng; Lin, Ze; Li, Fengting; Tao, Tao; Zhang, Gong; Wang, Ying
作者单位：Tongji University; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control & Ecological Security; Tsinghua University
摘要：The electro-Fenton process is a state-of-the-art water treatment technology used to remove organic contaminants. However, the low O-2 utilization efficiency (OUE, <1%) and high energy consumption remain the biggest obstacles to practical application. Here, we propose a local O-2 concentrating (LOC) approach to increase the OUE by over 11-fold compared to the conventional simple O-2 diffusion route. Due to the well-designed molecular structure, the LOC approach enables direct extraction of O-2 ...
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作者：Kenny, Christopher T.; McCartan, Cory; Simko, Tyler; Imai, Kosuke
作者单位：Harvard University; New York University; Harvard University
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作者：Habig, Michael; Grasse, Anna, V; Mueller, Judith; Stukenbrock, Eva H.; Leitner, Hanna; Cremer, Sylvia
作者单位：University of Kiel; Max Planck Society; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria
摘要：Entire chromosomes are typically only transmitted vertically from one generation to the next. The horizontal transfer of such chromosomes has long been considered improbable, yet gained recent support in several pathogenic fungi where it may affect the fitness or host specificity. To date, it is unknown how these transfers occur, how common they are, and whether they can occur between different species. In this study, we show multiple independent instances of horizontal transfers of the same a...
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作者：Jarmin, Ron S.; Abowd, John M.; Ashmead, Robert; Cumings-Menon, Ryan; Goldschlag, Nathan; Hawes, Michael; Keller, Sallie Ann; Kifer, Daniel; Leclerc, Philip; Reiter, Jerome P.; Rodriguez, Rolando A.; Schmutte, Ian; Velkoff, Victoria A.; Zhuravlev, Pavel I.
作者单位：Cornell University; Duke University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
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作者：Jensen, Victoria N.; Huffman, Emily E.; Jalufka, Frank L.; Pritchard, Anna L.; Baumgartner, Sarah; Walling, Ian; Gibbs, Holly C.; Mccreedy, Dylan A.; Alilain, Warren J.; Crone, Steven A.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; University of Kentucky; University of Kentucky; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati
摘要：The specific roles that different types of neurons play in recovery from injury is poorly understood. Here, we show that increasing the excitability of ipsilaterally projecting, excitatory V2a neurons using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) restores rhythmic bursting activity to a previously paralyzed diaphragm within hours, days, or weeks following a C2 hemisection injury. Further, decreasing the excitability of V2a neurons impairs tonic diaphragm activity a...
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作者：Jiang, Kai; Chen, Xu; Yan, Xiaoli; Li, Guangjun; Lin, Zhi; Deng, Zixin; Luo, Shukun; Qu, Xudong
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Wuhan University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Aromatic polyketides are renowned for their wide- ranging pharmaceutical activities. Their structural diversity is mainly produced via modification of limited types of basic frameworks. In this study, we characterized the biosynthesis of a unique basic aromatic framework, phenyldimethylanthrone (PDA) found in (+)/(-)- anthrabenzoxocinones (ABXs) and fasamycin (FAS). Its biosynthesis employs a methyltransferase (Abx(+)M/ Abx(-)M/FasT) and an unusual TcmI-like aromatase/cyclase (ARO/CYC, Abx(+)D...
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作者：Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Jenkinson, David; Stinton, Chris; Kunar, Melina A.; Watson, Derrick G.; Freeman, Karoline; Mansbridge, Alice; Wallis, Matthew G.; Kearins, Olive; Hudson, Sue; Clarke, Aileen
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick; University of Cambridge
摘要：An abundance of laboratory - based experiments has described a vigilance decrement of reducing accuracy to detect targets with time on task, but there are few real - world studies, none of which have previously controlled the environment to control for bias. We describe accuracy in clinical practice for 360 experts who examined >1 million women's mammograms for signs of cancer, whilst controlling for potential biases. The vigilance decrement pattern was not observed. Instead, test accuracy imp...
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作者：Tsuchida, Connor A.; Wasko, Kevin M.; Hamilton, Jennifer R.; Doudna, Jennifer A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; The J David Gladstone Institutes; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Cell- type- specific in vivo delivery of genome editing molecules is the next breakthrough that will drive biological discovery and transform the field of cell and gene therapy. Here, we discuss recent advances in the delivery of CRISPR-Cas genome editors either as preassembled ribonucleoproteins or encoded in mRNA. Both strategies avoid pitfalls of viral vector- mediated delivery and offer advantages including transient editor lifetime and potentially streamlined manufacturing capability that...
