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作者：Zhu, Haolong; Ludington, William B.; Spradling, Allan C.
作者单位：Carnegie Institution for Science; Johns Hopkins University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：The animal foregut is the first tissue to encounter ingested food, bacteria, and viruses. We characterized the adult Drosophila foregut using transcriptomics to better understand how it triages consumed items for digestion or immune response and manages resources. Cell types were assigned and validated using GFP- tagged and Gal4 reporter lines. Foregut- associated neuroendocrine cells play a major integrative role by coordinating gut activity with nutrition, the microbiome, and circadian cycle...
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作者：Gray, Clark; Thiede, Brian C.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：Climate change is expected to undermine population health and well-being in low- and middle-income countries, but relatively few analyses have directly examined these effects using individual-level data at global scales, particularly for reproductive-age women. To address this lacuna, we harmonize nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Surveys on reproductive health, body mass index (BMI), and temporary migration from 2.5 million adult women (ages 15 to 49) in approxima...
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作者：Jang, Seonghan; Ishigami, Kota; Mergaert, Peter; Kikuchi, Yoshitomo
作者单位：National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST); Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Hokkaido University; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB)
摘要：Insects lack acquired immunity and were thought to have no immune memory, but recent studies reported a phenomenon called immune priming, wherein sublethal dose of pathogens or nonpathogenic microbes stimulates immunity and prevents subsequential pathogen infection. Although the evidence for insect immune priming is accumulating, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris acquires its gut microbiota from ambient soil and spatially structures them into a multi...
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作者：Stancu, Mihai; Wohlfrom, Hilde; Hess, Martin; Grothe, Benedikt; Leibold, Christian; Kopp-Scheinpflug, Conny
作者单位：University of Munich; University of Munich; University of Freiburg
摘要：Adaptive myelination is the emerging concept of tuning axonal conduction velocity to the activity within specific neural circuits over time. Sound processing circuits exhibit structural and functional specifications to process signals with microsecond precision: a time scale that is amenable to adjustment in length and thickness of myelin. Increasing activity of auditory axons by introducing sound- evoked responses during postnatal development enhances myelin thickness, while sensory deprivati...
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作者：Anderson, Jordan A.; Lin, Dana; Lea, Amanda J.; Johnston, Rachel A.; Voyles, Tawni; Akinyi, Mercy Y.; Archie, Elizabeth A.; Alberts, Susan C.; Tung, Jenny
作者单位：Duke University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Vanderbilt University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Notre Dame; Duke University; Duke University; Max Planck Society
摘要：The early - life environment can profoundly shape the trajectory of an animal's life, even years or decades later. One mechanism proposed to contribute to these early - life effects is DNA methylation. However, the frequency and functional importance of DNA methylation in shaping early - life effects on adult outcomes is poorly understood, especially in natural populations. Here, we integrate prospectively collected data on fitness- associated variation in the early environment with DNA methyl...
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作者：Bouvier, Jacques W.; Emms, David M.; Kelly, Steven
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Rubisco is the primary entry point for carbon into the biosphere. However, rubisco is widely regarded as inefficient leading many to question whether the enzyme can adapt to become a better catalyst. Through a phylogenetic investigation of the molecular and kinetic evolution of Form I rubisco we uncover the evolutionary trajectory of rubisco kinetic evolution in angiosperms. We show that rbcL is among the 1% of slowest- evolving genes and enzymes on Earth, accumulating one nucleotide substitut...
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作者：Chen, Jielin; Dai, Zheze; Lv, Hui; Jin, Zhongchao; Tang, Yuqing; Xie, Xiaodong; Shi, Jiye; Wang, Fei; Li, Qian; Liu, Xiaoguo; Fan, Chunhai
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Zhangjiang Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS
摘要：Self- assembled DNA crystals offer a precise chemical platform at the angstrom-scale for DNA nanotechnology, holding enormous potential in material separation, catalysis, and DNA data storage. However, accurately controlling the crystallization kinetics of such DNA crystals remains challenging. Herein, we found that atomiclevel 5- methylcytosine (5mC) modification can regulate the crystallization kinetics of DNA crystal by tuning the hybridization rates of DNA motifs. We discovered that by man...
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作者：Haast, Roy A. M.; Kashyap, Sriranga; Ivanov, Dimo; Yousif, Mohamed D.; Dekraker, Jordan; Poser, Benedikt A.; Khan, Ali R.
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); University Western Ontario Hospital; Maastricht University; Krembil Research Institute; University of Toronto; University Health Network Toronto; McGill University
摘要：We present a comprehensive study on the non-invasive measurement of hippocampal perfusion. Using high-resolution 7 tesla arterial spin labeling (ASL) data, we generated robust perfusion maps and observed significant variations in perfusion among hippocampal subfields, with CA1 exhibiting the lowest perfusion levels. Notably, these perfusion differences were robust and already detectable with 50 perfusionweighted images per subject, acquired in 5 min. To understand the underlying factors, we ex...
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作者：Witten, Jacob; Hu, Yizong; Langer, Robert; Anderson, Daniel G.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Nanoparticle- based RNA delivery has shown great progress in recent years with the approval of two mRNA vaccines for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV- 2) and a liver- targeted siRNA therapy. Here, we discuss the preclinical and clinical advancement of new generations of RNA delivery therapies along multiple axes. Improvements in cargo design such as RNA circularization and data- driven untranslated region optimization can drive better mRNA expression. New materials di...
