11期

最新文章

• Earliest Prepared core technology in Eurasia from Nihewan (China): Implications for early human abilities and dispersals in East Asia AI翻译
  作者：Ma, Dong- Dong; Pei, Shu- Wen; Xie, Fei; Ye, Zhi; Wang, Fa- Gang; Xu, Jing- Yue; Deng, Cheng- Long; de la Torre, Ignacio
  作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Historia (IH); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & Paleoanthropology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
  摘要：Organized flaking techniques to obtain predetermined stone tools have been traced back to the early Acheulean (also known as mode 2) in Africa and are seen as indicative of the emergence of advanced technical abilities and in-depth planning skills among early humans. Here, we report one of the earliest known examples of prepared core technology in the archaeological record, at the Cenjiawan (CJW) site in the Nihewan basin of China, dated 1.1 Mya. The operational schemes reconstructed from the ...
• Fgf10 mutant newts regenerate normal hindlimbs despite severe developmental defects AI翻译
  作者：Suzuki, Miyuki; Okumura, Akinori; Chihara, Akane; Shibata, Yuki; Endo, Tetsuya; Teramoto, Machiko; Agata, Kiyokazu; Bronner, Marianne E.; Suzuki, Ken- ichi T.
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB); Aichi Gakuin University; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB)
  摘要：In amniote limbs, Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) is essential for limb development, but whether this function is broadly conserved in tetrapods and/or involved in adult limb regeneration remains unknown. To tackle this question, we established Fgf10 mutant lines in the newt Pleurodeles waltlwhich has amazing regenerative ability. While Fgf10 mutant forelimbs develop normally, the hindlimbs fail to develop and downregulate FGF target genes. Despite these developmental defects, Fgf10 mutant...
• The neuroimmune CGRP-RAMP1 axis tunes cutaneous adaptive immunity to the microbiota AI翻译
  作者：Kulalert, Warakorn; Wells, Alexandria C.; Link, Verena M.; Lim, Ai Ing; Bouladoux, Nicolas; Nagai, Motoyoshi; Harrison, Oliver J.; Kamenyeva, Olena; Kabat, Juraj; Enamorado, Michel; Chiu, Isaac M.; Belkaid, Yasmine
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris
  摘要：The somatosensory nervous system surveils external stimuli at barrier tissues, regulating innate immune cells under infection and inflammation. The roles of sensory neurons in controlling the adaptive immune system, and more specifically immunity to the microbiota, however, remain elusive. Here, we identified a mechanism for direct neuroimmune communication between commensal- specific T lymphocytes and somatosensory neurons mediated by the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in...
• Generation of human excitatory forebrain neurons by cooperative binding of proneural NGN2 and homeobox factor EMX1 AI翻译
  作者：Ang, Cheen Euong; Olmos, Victor Hipolito; Vodehnal, Kayla; Zhou, Bo; Lee, Qian Yi; Sinha, Rahul; Narayanaswamy, Aadit; Mall, Moritz; Chesnov, Kirill; Dominicus, Caia S.; Suedhof, Thomas; Wernig, Marius
  作者单位：Helmholtz Association; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Central Institute of Mental Health; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford University; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
  摘要：Generation of defined neuronal subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells remains a challenge. The proneural factor NGN2 has been shown to overcome experimental variability observed by morphogen- guided differentiation and directly converts pluripotent stem cells into neurons, but their cellular heterogeneity has not been investigated yet. Here, we found that NGN2 reproducibly produces three different kinds of excitatory neurons characterized by partial coactivation of other neurotransmitter p...
• Metabolomes evolve faster than metabolic network structures AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Yu; Li, Feiran
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School
• Central tolerance shapes the neutralizing B cell repertoire against a persisting virus in its natural host AI翻译
  作者：Florova, Marianna; Mota, Tiago Abreu -; Paesen, Guido C.; Beetschen, Anna Sophia; Cornille, Karen; Marx, Anna-Friederike; Narr, Kerstin; Sahin, Mehmet; Dimitrova, Mirela; Swarnalekha, Nivedya; Wagner, Jane Beil -; Savic, Natasa; Pelczar, Pawel; Buch, Thorsten; King, Carolyn G.; Bowden, Thomas A.; Pinschewer, Daniel D.
  作者单位：University of Basel; University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; University of Basel; University of Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Basel; Helmholtz Association; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine
  摘要：Viral mimicry of host cell structures has been postulated to curtail the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire against persisting viruses through tolerance mechanisms. This concept awaits, however, experimental testing in a setting of natural virus-host relationship. We engineered mouse models expressing a monoclonal BCR specific for the envelope glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a naturally persisting mouse pathogen. When the heavy chain of the LCMV- neutralizing antibody ...
• Human paraneoplastic antigen Ma2 (PNMA2) forms icosahedral capsids that can be engineered for mRNA delivery AI翻译
  作者：Madigan, Victoria; Zhang, Yugang; Raghavan, Rumya; Wilkinson, Max E.; Faure, Guilhem; Puccio, Elena; Segel, Michael; Lash, Blake; Macrae, Rhiannon K.; Zhang, Feng
  作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  摘要：A number of endogenous genes in the human genome encode retroviral gag - like proteins, which were domesticated from ancient retroelements. The paraneoplastic Ma antigen (PNMA) family members encode a gag - like capsid domain, but their ability to assemble as capsids and traffic between cells remains mostly uncharacterized. Here, we systematically investigate human PNMA proteins and find that a number of PNMAs are secreted by human cells. We determine that PNMA2 forms icosahedral capsids effic...
• Endogenous virophages are active and mitigate giant virus infection in the marine protist Cafeteria burkhardae AI翻译
  作者：Koslova, Anna; Hackl, Thomas; Bade, Felix; Kasikovic, Alexander Sanchez; Barenhoff, Karina; Schimm, Fiona; Mersdorf, Ulrike; Fischer, Matthias G.
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Groningen
  摘要：Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are common genetic passengers in various protists. Some EVEs represent viral fossils, whereas others are still active. The marine heterotrophic flagellate Cafeteria burkhardae contains several EVE types related to the virophage mavirus, a small DNA virus that parasitizes the lytic giant virus CroV. We hypothesized that endogenous virophages may act as an antiviral defense system in protists, but no protective effect of virophages in wild host populations has be...
• Assignment of the slowly exchanging substrate water of nature's water-splitting cofactor AI翻译
  作者：de Lichtenberga, Casper; Rapatskiy, Leonid; Reusc, Michael; Heyno, Eiri; Schneggc, Alexander; Nowaczykd, Marc M.; Lubitz, Wolfgang; Messinge, Johannes; Cox, Nicholas
  作者单位：Uppsala University; Umea University; Max Planck Society; Ruhr University Bochum; Australian National University; University of Rostock
  摘要：Identifying the two substrate water sites of nature's water- splitting cofactor (Mn4CaO5 cluster) provides important information toward resolving the mechanism of O - O bond formation in Photosystem II (PSII). To this end, we have performed parallel substrate water exchange experiments in the S-1 state of native Ca-PSII and biosynthetically substituted Sr-PSII employing Time- Resolved Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (TR-MIMS) and a Time- Resolved O-17- Electron- electron Double resonance dete...
• Electrostatic adsorption of polyanions onto lipid nanoparticles controls uptake, trafficking, and transfection of RNA and DNA therapies AI翻译
  作者：Nabar, Namita; Dacoba, Tamara G.; Covarrubias, Gil; Romero-Cruz, Denisse; Hammond, Paula T.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Rapid advances in nucleic acid therapies highlight the immense therapeutic potential of genetic therapeutics. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are highly potent nonviral transfection agents that can encapsulate and deliver various nucleic acid therapeutics, including but not limited to messenger RNA (mRNA), silencing RNA (siRNA), and plasmid DNA (pDNA). However, a major challenge of targeted LNP- mediated systemic delivery is the nanoparticles' nonspecific uptake by the liver and the mononuclear pha...