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作者：Zimmerman, Lior; Alon, Noga; Levin, Itay; Koganitsky, Anna; Shpigel, Nufar; Brestel, Chen; Lapidoth, Gideon D.
摘要：The potential of engineered enzymes in industrial applications is often limited by their expression levels, thermal stability, and catalytic diversity. De novo enzyme design faces challenges due to the complexity of enzymatic catalysis. An alternative approach involves expanding natural enzyme capabilities for new substrates and parameters. Here, we introduce CoSaNN (Conformation Sampling using Neural Network), an enzyme design strategy using deep learning for structure prediction and sequence...
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作者：Brizzolara, Stefano; Naudascher, Robert; Rosti, Marco Edoardo; Stocker, Roman; Boffetta, Guido; Mazzino, Andrea; Holzner, Markus
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University; University of Turin; Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); University of Turin; University of Genoa; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); University of Genoa; Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI); BOKU University
摘要：An unstable density stratification between two fluids mixes spontaneously under the effect of gravity, a phenomenon known as Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) turbulence. If the two fluids are immiscible, for example, oil and water, surface tension prevents intermixing at the molecular level. However, turbulence fragments one fluid into the other, generating an emulsion in which the typical droplet size decreases over time as a result of the competition between the rising kinetic energy and the surface ene...
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作者：Leimar, Olof; Bshary, Redouan
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Neuchatel
摘要：Empiricists often struggle to apply game theory models to real-life cases of animal cooperation. One reason is that many examples of cooperation occur in stable groups, where individuals form social bonds that influence exchanges of help in ways that are not well described by previous models, including the extent of reciprocity and how relationships are initiated. We present a game theory model exploring the conditions under which social bonds between group members promote cooperation. In the ...
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作者：Clark, Rachel W.; Wellner, Julia S.; Hillenbrand, Claus- Dieter; Totten, Rebecca L.; Smith, James A.; Miller, Lauren E.; Larter, Robert D.; Hogan, Kelly A.; Graham, Alastair G. C.; Nitsche, Frank O.; Lehrmann, Asmara A.; Lepp, Allison P.; Kirkham, James D.; Fitzgerald, Victoria T.; Barrera, Georgina Garcia-; Ehrmann, Werner; Wacker, Lukas
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Antarctic Survey; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Virginia; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; Columbia University; University of Cambridge; Leipzig University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：Today, relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water is melting Thwaites Glacier at the base of its ice shelf and at the grounding zone, contributing to significant ice retreat. Accelerating ice loss has been observed since the 1970s; however, it is unclear when this phase of significant melting initiated. We analyzed the marine sedimentary record to reconstruct Thwaites Glacier's history from the early Holocene to present. Marine geophysical surveys were carried out along the floating ice-shelf marg...
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作者：Giglio, Laura; Ostarek, Markus; Sharoh, Daniel; Hagoort, Peter
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Radboud University Nijmegen
摘要：The neural correlates of sentence production are typically studied using task paradigms that differ considerably from the experience of speaking outside of an experimental setting. In this fMRI study, we aimed to gain a better understanding of syntactic processing in spontaneous production versus naturalistic comprehension in three regions of interest (BA44, BA45, and left posterior middle temporal gyrus). A group of participants (n = 16) was asked to speak about the events of an episode of a ...
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作者：Zhang, Huafeng; Yang, Zhuoshun; Yuan, Wu; Liu, Jincheng; Luo, Xiao; Zhang, Qian; Li, Yonggang; Chen, Jie; Zhou, Yabo; Lv, Jiadi; Zhou, Nannan; Ma, Jingwei; Tang, Ke; Huang, Bo
作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Hubei University of Medicine; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Peking Union Medical College; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Peking Union Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Identification of mechanisms that program early effector T cells to either terminal effector T (T-eff) or memory T (T-m) cells has important implications for protective immunity against infections and cancers. Here, we show that the cytosolic transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is used by early T-eff cells to program memory fate. Upon antigen engagement, AhR is rapidly up-regulated via reactive oxygen species signaling in early CD8(+) T-eff cells, which does not affect the eff...
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作者：Zhang, Mingfang; Wang, Yingli; Gong, Xinyu; Wang, Yaru; Zhang, Yuchao; Tang, Yubin; Zhou, Xindi; Liu, Haobo; Huang, Yichao; Zhang, Jing; Pan, Lifeng
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Sichuan Normal University
摘要：TAX1BP1, a multifunctional autophagy adaptor, plays critical roles in different autophagy processes. As an autophagy receptor, TAX1BP1 can interact with RB1CC1, NAP1, and mammalian ATG8 family proteins to drive selective autophagy for relevant substrates. However, the mechanistic bases underpinning the specific interactions of TAX1BP1 with RB1CC1 and mammalian ATG8 family proteins remain elusive. Here, we find that there are two distinct binding sites between TAX1BP1 and RB1CC1. In addition to...
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作者：Krueger, Jonas; Preusse, Matthias; Gomez, Nicolas Oswaldo; Frommeyer, Yannick Noah; Doberenz, Sebastian; Lorenz, Anne; Kordes, Adrian; Grobe, Svenja; Muesken, Mathias; Depledge, Daniel P.; Svensson, Sarah L.; Weiss, Siegfried; Kaever, Volkhard; Pich, Andreas; Sharma, Cynthia M.; Ignatova, Zoya; Haeussler, Susanne
作者单位：Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Medical School; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Medical School; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research; Hannover Medical School; German Center for Infection Research; University of Wurzburg; Hannover Medical School; University of Hamburg; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen University Hospital
摘要：The success of bacterial pathogens depends on the coordinated expression of virulence determinants. Regulatory circuits that drive pathogenesis are complex, multilayered, and incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that alterations in tRNA modifications define pathogenic phenotypes in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of GidA leads to the introduction of a carboxymethylaminomethyl modification in selected tRNAs. Modifications at the ...
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作者：Muralidhar, Krishnamurty; Ruggles, Steven; Ferrer, Josep Domingo -; Sanchez, David
作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Universitat Rovira i Virgili
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作者：De Falco, Emanuela; Solca, Marco; Bernasconi, Fosco; Babo-Rebelo, Mariana; Young, Nicole; Sammartino, Francesco; Tallon-Baudry, Catherine; Navarro, Vincent; Rezai, Ali R.; Krishna, Vibhor; Blanke, Olaf
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; West Virginia University; University of Geneva; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP); Hopital Universitaire Pitie-Salpetriere - APHP; Sorbonne Universite; West Virginia University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Geneva
摘要：Visceral signals are constantly processed by our central nervous system, enable homeostatic regulation, and influence perception, emotion, and cognition. While visceral processes at the cortical level have been extensively studied using non- invasive imaging techniques, very few studies have investigated how this information is processed at the single neuron level, both in humans and animals. Subcortical regions, relaying signals from peripheral interoceptors to cortical structures, are partic...
