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作者：Horak, Richard D.; Ciemniecki, John A.; Newman, Dianne K.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology
摘要：The proton- motive force (PMF), consisting of a pH gradient and a membrane potential (Delta Psi) underpins many processes essential to bacterial growth and/or survival. Yet bacteria often enter a bioenergetically diminished state characterized by a low PMF. Consequently, they have increased tolerance for diverse stressors, including clinical antibiotics. Despite the ubiquity of low metabolic rates in the environment, the extent to which bacteria have agency over entry into such a low- bioenerg...
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作者：Lynch, Michael
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：All life forms depend on the conversion of energy into biomass used in growth and reproduction. For unicellular heterotrophs, the energetic cost associated with building a cell scales slightly sublinearly with cell weight. However, observations on multiple Daphnia species and numerous other metazoans suggest that although a similar size-specific scaling is retained in multicellular heterotrophs, there is a quantum leap in the energy required to build a replacement soma, presumably owing to the...
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作者：Madhwani, Kimberly R.; Sayied, Shanzeh; Ogata, Carlson H.; Hogan, Caley A.; Lentini, Jenna M.; Mallik, Moushami; Dumouchel, Jennifer L.; Storkebaum, Erik; Fu, Dragony; O'Connor -Giles, Kate M.
作者单位：Brown University; Brown University; Brown University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Rochester; Radboud University Nijmegen; Brown University; Brown University
摘要：Post- transcriptional modification of RNA regulates gene expression at multiple levels. ALKBH8 is a tRNA- modifying enzyme that methylates wobble uridines in a subset of tRNAs to modulate translation. Through methylation of tRNA- selenocysteine, ALKBH8 promotes selenoprotein synthesis and regulates redox homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in ALKBH8 have been linked to intellectual disability disorders in the human population, but the role of ALKBH8 in the nervous system is unknown. Through in vi...
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作者：Sharma, Abhimanyu; Friedrich, Benjamin M.; Geyer, Veikko F.
摘要：Fluxes of energy generate active forces in living matter, yet also active fluctuations. As a canonical example, collections of molecular motors exhibit spontaneous oscillations with frequency jitter caused by nonequilibrium phase fluctuations. We investigate phase fluctuations in reactivated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii axonemes, which are accessible to direct manipulation. We quantify the precision of axonemal oscillations after controlled chemical removal of dynein motors, providing an experime...
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作者：Beans, Carolyn
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作者：Sheedy, Frederick J.; Kaufmann, Eva
作者单位：Trinity College Dublin; Queens University - Canada
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作者：Liefer, Justin D.; White, Angelicque E.; Finkel, Zoe V.; Irwin, Andrew J.; Dugenne, Mathilde; Inomura, Keisuke; Ribalet, Francois; Armbrust, E. Virginia; Karl, David M.; Fyfe, Matthew H.; Brown, Christopher M.; Follows, Michael J.
作者单位：Mount Allison University; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Dalhousie University; Dalhousie University; University of Rhode Island; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Mount Allison University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The proportions of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in surface ocean particulate matter deviate greatly from the canonical Redfield Ratio (C:N:P = 106:16:1) in space and time with significant implications for global carbon storage as this matter reaches the deep ocean. Recent work has revealed clear latitudinal patterns in C:N:P, yet the relative importance of ecological, physiological, or biochemical processes in creating these patterns is unclear. We present high- resolution, con...
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作者：Toth, Balazs; Jiang, Yuefeng; Szollosi, Andras; Zhang, Zhe; Csanady, Laszlo
作者单位：Semmelweis University; Semmelweis University; Semmelweis University; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channels contribute to immunocyte activation, insulin secretion, and central thermoregulation. TRPM2 opens upon binding cytosolic Ca2+ and ADP ribose (ADPR). We present here the 2.5 & Aring; cryo- electronmicroscopy structure of TRPM2 from Nematostella vectensis (nvTRPM2) in a lipid nanodisc, complexed with Ca2+ and ADPR-2 '- phosphate. Comparison with nvTRPM2 without nucleotide reveals that nucleotide binding- induced movements in the p...
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作者：Underwood, Thomas R.; Bourg, Ian C.; Rosso, Kevin M.
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：The formation of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is a key phenomenon that may explain the slow turnover rates of carbon in soil organic matter (SOM). Despite this, important details pertaining to the structure and dynamics of MAOM remain unknown. In the present study, we use replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations to gain insight into the structure of MAOM on the surface of prototypical phyllosilicate clay and Fe-oxide minerals, montmorillonite and goethite, fine-grained miner...
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作者：Yoon, Iris H. R.; Henselman-Petrusek, Gregory; Yu, Yiyi; Ghrist, Robert; Smith, Spencer LaVere; Giusti, Chad
作者单位：Wesleyan University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Oregon State University
摘要：Neural manifolds summarize the intrinsic structure of the information encoded bya population of neurons. Advances in experimental techniques have made simulta-neous recordings from multiple brain regions increasingly commonplace, raising thepossibility of studying how these manifolds relate across populations. However, whenthe manifolds are nonlinear and possibly code for multiple unknown variables, it ischallenging to extract robust and falsifiable information about their relationships.We int...
