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作者：Valesyan, Satenik; Jora, Manasses; Addepalli, Balasubrahmanyam; Limbach, Patrick A.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; AstraZeneca; Waters Corporation
摘要：There has been recent interest in trying to understand the connection between transfer RNA (tRNA) posttranscriptional modifications and changes in-cellular environmental conditions. Here, we report on the identification of the modified nucleoside 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in Escherichia coli tRNAs. This modification was determined to be present at position 49 of tRNA Tyr-QUA-II. Moreover, m(5)C levels in this tRNA are significantly elevated under high reactive oxygen specieis (ROS) conditions i...
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作者：Xu, Aotao; Kemp, Charles; Frermann, Lea; Xu, Yang
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Melbourne; University of Melbourne; University of Toronto
摘要：A key function of the lexicon is to express novel concepts as they emerge over time through a process known as lexicalization. The most common lexicalization strategies are the reuse and combination of existing words, but they have typically been studied separately in the areas of word meaning extension and word formation. Here, we offer an information-theoretic account of how both strategies are constrained by a fundamental tradeoff between competing communicative pressures: Word reuse tends ...
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作者：Li, Ruyan; Dai, Xueqin; Zheng, Jixuan; Larsen, Rasmus Stenbak; Qi, Yanmei; Zhang, Xiafang; Vizueta, Joel; Boomsma, Jacobus J.; Liu, Weiwei; Zhang, Guojie
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Liangzhu Laboratory; University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Caste differentiation involves many functional traits that diverge during larval growth and metamorphosis to produce adults irreversibly adapted to reproductive division of labor. Investigating developmental differentiation is important for general biological understanding and has increasingly been explored for social phenotypes that diverge in parallel from similar genotypes. Here, we use Monomorium pharaonis ants to investigate the extent to which canalized worker development can be shifted ...
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作者：Dunivin, Zackary Okun; Kaminski, Patrick
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Stuttgart
摘要：The 27 Club refers to the widespread legend that notable people, particularly musicians, are unusually likely to die at age 27. A 2011 inquiry in The BMJ showed this is not the case, dismissing the 27 Club as a myth. We expand on this discourse by demonstrating that although the existence of the phenomenon cannot be empirically validated, it is real in its consequences. Using Wikipedia data, we show that while age 27 does not hold greater risk of mortality for notable persons, those who died a...
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作者：Gan, Tian; Tian, Meng; Wang, Xi-Kai; Wang, Shijie; Liu, Xiao-Ming; Jiang, Ganqing; Gill, Benjamin C.; Nolan, Morrison; Kaufman, Alan J.; Luo, Taiyi; Xiao, Shuhai
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geochemistry, CAS; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Bern; University of Munich; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas; University System of Ohio; Denison University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geochemistry, CAS
摘要：The snowball Earth hypothesis predicts that continental chemical weathering diminished substantially during, but rebounded strongly after, the Marinoan ice age some 635 Mya. Defrosting the planet would result in a plume of fresh glacial meltwater with a different chemical composition from underlying hypersaline seawater, generating both vertical and lateral salinity gradients. Here, we test the plumeworld hypothesis using lithium isotope compositions in the Ediacaran Doushantuo cap dolostone t...
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作者：Mourad, Nizar I.; Perota, Andrea; Xhema, Daela; Duchi, Roberto; Lagutina, Irina; Galli, Cesare; Gianello, Pierre
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：To be clinically efficient, beta cell replacement therapies such as pig islet xenotransplantation must ensure sufficient insulin secretion from grafted islets. While protection from host immune reaction is essential for islet engraftment and their subsequent functioning, intrinsic physiological properties of used cells are also a key factor. We have previously shown that islets with adenoviral- mediated expression of a dipeptidyl peptidase- resistant form of glucagon-like- peptide- 1 (GLP-1) a...
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作者：Tan, Ruiyue; Hoare, Margaret; Bellomio, Philip; Broas, Sarah; Camacho, Konttessa; Swovick, Kyle; Welle, Kevin A.; Hryhorenko, Jennifer R.; Ghaemmaghami, Sina
作者单位：University of Rochester; University of Rochester
摘要：Within a cell, protein- bound methionines can be chemically or enzymatically oxidized, and subsequently reduced by methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs). Methionine oxidation can result in structural damage or be the basis of functional regulation of enzymes. In addition to participating in redox reactions, methionines play an important role as the initiator residue of translated proteins where they are commonly modified at their alpha- amine group by formylation or acetylation. Here, we inve...
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作者：Song, Jian; Wan, Shiqiang; Zhang, Kesheng; Hong, Songbai; Xia, Jianyang; Piao, Shilong; Wang, Ying-Ping; Cheni, Jiquan; Hui, Dafeng; Luo, Yiqi; Niul, Shuli; Ru, Jingyi; Xu, Hao; Zheng, Mengmei; Liun, Weixing; Wang, Haidao; Tan, Menghao; Zhou, Zhenxing; Feng, Jiayin; Qiu, Xueli
作者单位：Hebei University; Luoyang Institute of Science & Technology; Peking University; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School (PKU Shenzhen); East China Normal University; East China Normal University; Peking University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); CSIRO Environment; Michigan State University; Tennessee State University; Cornell University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Henan Normal University; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Agricultural Resources & Regional Planning, CAAS
摘要：Enhancing terrestrial carbon (C) stock through ecological restoration, one of the prominent approaches for natural climate solutions, is conventionally considered to be achieved through an ecological pathway, i.e., increased plant C uptake. By conducting a comprehensive regional survey of 4279 1 x 1 m2 plots at 517 sites across China's drylands and a 13- y manipulative experiment in a semiarid grassland within the same region, we show that greater soil and ecosystem C stocks in restored than d...
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作者：Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Fernando; Young, Arabella; Mittal, Deepak; Martinet, Ludovic; Bruedigam, Claudia; Takeda, Kazuyoshi; Andoniou, Christopher E.; Degli-Esposti, Mariapia A.; Hill, Geoffrey R.; Smyth, Mark J.
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作者：Fiedorczuk, Karol; Iordanov, Iordan; Mihalyi, Csaba; Szollosi, Andras; Csanady, Laszlo; Chen, Jue
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Semmelweis University; Semmelweis University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Protein kinase A (PKA) is a key regulator of cellular functions by selectively phosphorylating numerous substrates, including ion channels, enzymes, and transcription factors. It has long served as a model system for understanding the eukaryotic kinases. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we present complex structures of the PKA catalytic subunit (PKA-C) bound to a full- length protein substrate, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-an ion channel vital to human health. C...
