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作者：Papale, Paolo; Zuiderbaan, Wietske; Teeuwen, Rob R. M.; Gilhuis, Amparo; Self, Matthew W.; Roelfsema, Pieter R.; Dumoulin, Serge O.
作者单位：Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW); Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW); Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging (KNAW); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam; Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Utrecht University
摘要：The visual system needs to identify perceptually relevant borders to segment complex natural scenes. The primary visual cortex (V1) is thought to extract local borders, and higher visual areas are thought to identify the perceptually relevant borders between objects and the background. To test this conjecture, we used natural images that had been annotated by human observers who marked the perceptually relevant borders. We assessed the effect of perceptual relevance on V1 responses using human...
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作者：Stahl, Aimee E.; Feigenson, Lisa
作者单位：College of New Jersey; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：From infancy, children show heightened interest in events that are impossible or improbable, relative to likely events. Do young children represent impossible and improbable events as points on a continuum of possibility, or do they instead treat them as categorically distinct? Here, we compared 2- and 3- y- old children's learning (N = 335) following nearly identical events that were equi- probable, improbable, or impossible. We found that children learned significantly better following impos...
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作者：Iyaniwura, Sarafa A.; Ribeiro, Ruy M.; Zitzmann, Carolin; Phan, Tin; Ke, Ruian; Perelson, Alan S.
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
摘要：Studying the early events that occur after viral infection in humans is difficult unless one intentionally infects volunteers in a human challenge study. Here, we use data about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in such a study in combination with mathematical modeling to gain insights into the relationship between the amount of virus in the upper respiratory tract and the immune response it generates. We propose a set of dynamic models of increasing complexity to di...
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作者：Jaafar, Carine; Aguiar, Ricardo C. T.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital
摘要：Similar to DNA and histone, RNA can also be methylated. In its most common form, a N6- methyladenosine (m6A) chemical modification is introduced into nascent messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) by a specialized methyltransferase complex and removed by the RNA demethylases, Fat mass and obesity- associated (FTO), and ALKBH5. The fate of m6A- marked mRNA is uniquely diverse, ranging from degradation to stabilization/translation, which has been suggested to be largely dependent on its interaction w...
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作者：Wei, Guangzheng; Duan, Borui; Zhou, Tai-Ping; Tian, Wenya; Sun, Chenghai; Lin, Zhi; Deng, Zixin; Wang, Binju; Zhang, Zhengyu; Qu, Xudong
作者单位：Wuhan University; Wuhan University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Xiamen University; Xiamen University
摘要：P450 peroxidase activities are valued for their ability to catalyze complex chemical transformations using economical H2O2; however, they have been largely underexplored compared to their monooxygenase and peroxygenase activities. In this study, we identified an unconventional P450 enzyme, PtmB, which catalyzes the dimerization of purine nucleobases and tryptophan- containing diketopiperazines (TDKPs), yielding C3- nucleobase pyrroloindolines and nucleobase-TDKP dimers. Unlike typical TDKP P45...
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作者：Atajanova, Tavus; Kang, Emily Minju; Postnikova, Anna; Price, Alivia Lee; Doerr, Sophia; Du, Michael; Ugenti, Alicia; Ragkousi, Katerina
作者单位：Amherst College
摘要：One of the first organizing processes during animal development is the assembly of embryonic cells into epithelia. Common features unite epithelialization across select bilaterians, however, we know less about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive epithelial emergence in early branching nonbilaterians. In sea anemones, epithelia emerge both during embryonic development and after cell aggregation of dissociated tissues. Although adhesion is required to keep cells together, it is not ...
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作者：Johnston, Phillip R.; Griffiths, John D.; Rokos, Leanne; Mcintosh, Anthony R.; Meltzer, Jed A.
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Baycrest; University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health - Canada; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Simon Fraser University; Simon Fraser University; University of Toronto
摘要：Stroke causes pronounced and widespread slowing of neural activity. Despite decades of work exploring these abnormal neural dynamics and their associated functional impairments, their causes remain largely unclear. To close this gap in understanding, we applied a neurophysiological corticothalamic circuit model to simulate magnetoencephalography (MEG) power spectra recorded from chronic stroke patients. Comparing model- estimated physiological parameters to those of controls, patients demonstr...
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作者：Killingsworth, Matthew A.; Kahneman, Daniel; Mellers, Barbara
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
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作者：Garg, Ankit; Jansen, Silvia; Greenberg, Lina; Zhang, Rui; Lavine, Kory J.; Greenberg, Michael J.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Skeletal muscle actin (ACTA1) mutations are a prevalent cause of skeletal myopathies consistent with ACTA1's high expression in skeletal muscle. Rare de novo mutations in ACTA1 associated with combined cardiac and skeletal myopathies have been reported, but ACTA1 represents only similar to 20% of the total actin pool in cardiomyocytes, making its role in cardiomyopathy controversial. Here we demonstrate how a mutation in an actin isoform expressed at low levels in cardiomyocytes can cause card...
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作者：Hansen, Simon Boje; Luu, Thi Bich; Gysel, Kira; Lironi, Damiano; Jensen, Ingeborg Bitsch; Tsitsikli, Magdalini; Birkefeldt, Thea Gramkov; Trgovcevic, Alen; Stougaard, Jens; Radutoiu, Simona; Andersena, Kasper Rojkjaer
作者单位：Aarhus University; University of Freiburg
摘要：Establishment of root nodule symbiosis is initiated by the perception of bacterial Nod factor ligands by the plant LysM receptor kinases NFR1 and NFR5. Receptor signaling initiating the symbiotic pathway depends on the kinase activity of NFR1, while the signaling mechanism of the catalytically inactive NFR5 pseudokinase is unknown. Here, we present the crystal structure of the signaling- competent Lotus japonicus NFR5 intracellular domain, comprising the juxtamembrane region and pseudokinase d...
