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作者：Mouchlis, Varnavas D.; Hsu, Yuan-Hao; Hayashi, Daiki; Cao, Jian; Li, Sheng; Mccammon, J. Andrew; Dennis, Edward A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Kobe University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Group VIA calcium- independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) is a member of the PLA2 superfamily that exhibits calcium- independent activity in contrast to the other two major types, secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which both require calcium for their enzymatic activity. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been reported to allosterically activate iPLA2, and this has now been verified with a lipidomics-based mixed- micelle assay, but its mechanism of action has...
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作者：Verta, Jukka- Pekka; Moustakas-Verho, Jacqueline E.; Donner, Iikki; Frapin, Morgane; Ruokolainen, Annukka; Debes, Paul, V; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Primmer, Craig R.
作者单位：University of Helsinki; Nord University; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Helsinki
摘要：Understanding the processes that link genotype to phenotype is a central challenge in biology. Despite progress in discovering genes associated with ecologically relevant traits, a poor understanding of the processes and functions via which molecules mediate evolutionary differences leaves us critically far from linking proximate and ultimate causes of evolution. This knowledge gap is particularly large in multifaceted phenotypes of ecological relevance such as life histories where multiple tr...
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作者：Xue, Kai; Shekhar, Medha; Rahnev, Dobromir
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：The Bayesian confidence hypothesis (BCH), which postulates that confidence reflects the posterior probability that a decision is correct, is currently the most prominent theory of confidence. Although several recent studies have found evidence against it in the context of relatively complex tasks, BCH remains dominant for simpler tasks. The major alternative to BCH is the confidence in raw evidence space (CRES) hypothesis, according to which confidence is based directly on the raw sensory evid...
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作者：Qian, Naixin; Stapleton, Phoebe; Yan, Beizhan; Min, Wei
作者单位：Columbia University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Columbia University
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作者：Barcelo, Joan; Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Peisakhin, Leonid; Zhai, Haoyu
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：The Civil War was the deadliest conflict in US history. However, incomplete records have made it difficult to estimate the exact death toll both nationally, and especially, at the state level. In this article, we leverage the recently released full count of individual census returns and a sample of linked records across multiple censuses to provide i) the most precise national estimate of excess mortality to date and ii) reliable state-level estimates of excess mortality among native-born whit...
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作者：Wu, Yizhang; Liu, Yihan; Li, Yuan; Wei, Ziquan; Xing, Sicheng; Wang, Yunlang; Zhu, Dashuai; Guo, Ziheng; Zhang, Anran; Yuan, Gongkai; Zhang, Zhibo; Huang, Ke; Wang, Yong; Wu, Guorong; Cheng, Ke; Bai, Wubin
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; North Carolina State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Nanjing University; Columbia University; Michigan State University; North Carolina State University; Xidian University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：Symmetry lies at the heart of two- dimensional (2D) bioelectronics, determining material properties at the fundamental level. Breaking the symmetry allows emergent functionalities and effects. However, symmetry modulation in 2D bioelectronics and the resultant applications have been largely overlooked. Here, we devise an oxidized architectural MXene, referred to as oxidized MXene (OXene), that couples orbit symmetric breaking with inverse symmetric breaking to entitle the optimized interfacial...
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作者：Armstrong, Chelsey Geralda; Carvalho, Rute B. G. Clemente-; Turner, Nancy J.; Wickham, Sara; Trant, Andrew; Lemay, Matthew A.
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; Simon Fraser University; Hakai Institute; University of Victoria; University of Waterloo
摘要：Cultivation studies evaluating land- use histories and coevolutionary dynamics between humans and plants focus predominantly on domesticated species. Traditional anthropological divisions of foragers and farmers have shaped our understanding of ancient cultivation practices but have several limitations, including how people stewarded and managed nondomesticated species. To investigate the long- term effects of plant management in the Pacific Northwest, this study focuses on beaked hazelnut ( C...
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作者：Yegian, Andrew K.; Heymsfield, Steven B.; Castillo, Eric R.; Mueller, Manfred J.; Redman, Leanne M.; Lieberman, Daniel E.
作者单位：Harvard University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; Pennington Biomedical Research Center; University of Kiel
摘要：All organisms use limited energy to grow, survive, and reproduce, necessitating energy allocation tradeoffs, but there is debate over how selection impacted metabolic budgets and tradeoffs in primates, including humans. Here, we develop a method to compare metabolic rates as quotients of observed relative to expected values for mammals corrected for size, body composition, environmental temperature, and phylogenetic relatedness. Contrary to previous analyses, these quotients reveal that nonhum...
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作者：Mokry, Rebekah L.; Purdy, John G.
作者单位：University of Arizona; University of Arizona; University of Arizona
摘要：Viruses with broad tissue distribution and cell tropism successfully replicate in various nutrient environments in the body. Several viruses reprogram metabolism for viral replication. However, many studies focus on metabolic reprogramming in nutrient- rich conditions that do not recapitulate physiological environments in the body. Here, we investigated how viruses may replicate when a metabolite thought to be essential for replication is limited. We use human cytomegalovirus infection in gluc...
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作者：Zhu, Fuwei; Ji, Luli; Dai, Kai; Deng, Shunshu; Wang, Jing; Liu, Changsheng
作者单位：East China University of Science & Technology; East China University of Science & Technology; East China University of Science & Technology; East China University of Science & Technology
摘要：The immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is plastic and susceptible to resident microenvironment in vivo or inflammatory factors in vitro. We propose a unique method to enhance the immunoregulatory functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through an artificially controllable in vivo inflammatory microenvironment generated by biomaterials loaded with BMP-2 that induce bone development. MSCs activated through this method effectively induce M1 macrophage polarization towar...
