Metabolic scaling, energy allocation tradeoffs, and the evolution of humans' unique metabolism

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Yegian, Andrew K.; Heymsfield, Steven B.; Castillo, Eric R.; Mueller, Manfred J.; Redman, Leanne M.; Lieberman, Daniel E.
• 署名单位: Harvard University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; Pennington Biomedical Research Center; University of Kiel
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-13886
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2409674121
• 发表日期: 2024-11-26
• 关键词: physical-activity; body-mass; hunter-gatherers; expenditure; energetics; chimpanzees; locomotion; adiposity; ecology; cost

摘要

All organisms use limited energy to grow, survive, and reproduce, necessitating energy allocation tradeoffs, but there is debate over how selection impacted metabolic budgets and tradeoffs in primates, including humans. Here, we develop a method to compare metabolic rates as quotients of observed relative to expected values for mammals corrected for size, body composition, environmental temperature, and phylogenetic relatedness. Contrary to previous analyses, these quotients reveal that nonhuman primates have total metabolic rates expected for similar- sized mammals in similar environments. In addition, data from several small- scale societies show that humans evolved exceptionally high resting, activity, and total metabolic rates apparently by overcoming tradeoffs between resting and active energy expenditures that constrain other primates. Enhanced metabolic rates help humans fuel expanded brains, faster reproductive rates, extended longevity, and high percentage of body fat.