48期

最新文章

• Emergent collective behavior evolves more rapidly than individual behavior among acorn ant species AI翻译
  作者：Doering, Grant Navid; Prebus, Matthew M.; Suresh, Sachin; Greer, Jordan N.; Bowden, Reilly; Linksvayer, Timothy A.
  作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University; University Hohenheim; University Hohenheim
  摘要：Emergence is a fundamental concept in biology and other disciplines, but whether emergent phenotypes evolve similarly to nonemergent phenotypes is unclear. The hypothesized process of emergent evolution posits that evolutionary change in at least some collective behaviors will differ from evolutionary change in the corresponding intrinsic behaviors of isolated individuals. As a result, collective behavior might evolve more rapidly and diversify more between populations compared to individual b...
• Adhesive interactions within microbial consortia can be differentiated at the single- cell level through expansion microscopy AI翻译
  作者：Dong, Pu-Ting; Shi, Wenyuan; He, Xuesong; Borisy, Gary G.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Forsyth Institute
  摘要：Investigating microbe-microbe interactions at the single- cell level is critical to unraveling the ecology and dynamics of microbial communities. In many situations, microbes assemble themselves into densely packed multispecies biofilms. The density and complexity pose acute difficulties for visualizing individual cells and analyzing their interactions. Here, we address this problem through an unconventional application of expansion microscopy, which allows for the decrowding of individual bac...
• TLR priming licenses NAIP inflammasome activation by immunoevasive ligands AI翻译
  作者：Grayczyk, James P.; Liu, Luying; Egan, Marisa S.; Aunins, Emily; Dolfi, Meghan A. Wynosky -; Canna, Scott W.; Minn, Andy J.; Shin, Sunny; Brodsky, Igor E.
  作者单位：GlaxoSmithKline; Glaxosmithkline USA; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIPs) detect bacterial flagellin and structurally related components of bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SS), and recruit NLR family CARD domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) and caspase-1 into an inflammasome complex that induces pyroptosis. NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome assembly is initiated by the binding of a single NAIP to its cognate ligand, but a subset of bacterial flagellins or T3SS structural proteins are thought to evade NAIP/NLRC4 inflamm...
• A tale of two cultures: How L. Luca Cavalli- Sforza bridged the gap between science and the humanities AI翻译
  作者：Stone, Linda; Lurquin, Paul F.
  作者单位：Washington State University; Washington State University
  摘要：This article retraces the career of geneticist L. Luca CavalliSforza, from his days as a student researcher to his tenure as a Stanford University professor, and beyond. We show how Cavalli- Sforza's untiring curiosity, enthusiasm, and global knowledge led him to make incisive contributions to topics as diverse as bacterial genetics and human evolution, both biological and cultural. In an academic stood out as a scientist unafraid to promulgate and apply multidisciplinary approaches to complex...
• Insurance and climate risks: Policy lessons from three bounding scenarios AI翻译
  作者：Kousky, Carolyn; Treuer, Galen; Mach, Katharine J.
  作者单位：University of Miami; University of Miami
  摘要：Climate change poses complex risks without precedent that challenge established planning and risk management tools, including property insurance. The nature and timing of transitions in markets and institutions in response to growing climate risks will shape prospects for future socioeconomic well- being. As property insurance markets in the United States face higher levels of turmoil, policymakers are weighing various interventions to stabilize not only insurance but also housing and mortgage...
• What can the eye see with melanopsin? AI翻译
  作者：Nugent, Thomas W.; Zele, Andrew J.
  作者单位：Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
  摘要：A subpopulation of human retinal ganglion cells contains the melanopsin photopigment, allowing them to act as a fifth photoreceptor class. These ganglion cells project to the visual cortex, but to reveal its intrinsic contribution to conscious vision is technically challenging as it requires melanopsin to be separated from the responses originating in the rods and three cone classes. Using a display engineered to isolate the melanopic visual response, we show that it detects lowpass spatial (<...
• Stable isotopic signature of dissimilatory nitrate reduction is robust against enzyme mutation AI翻译
  作者：Asamoto, Ciara K.; Ryu, Yeongjun; Eckartt, Kelly N.; Kelley-Kern, Julia; Dietrich, Lars E. P.; Sigman, Daniel M.; Kopf, Sebastian H.
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Princeton University; Columbia University
  摘要：The proportionality of oxygen-to-nitrogen isotope effects ((18)epsilon/(15)epsilon) is used as a key isotopic signature of nitrogen cycling processes in the environment. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction is observed to have an (18)epsilon/(15)epsilon proportionality of similar to 0.9 in marine and similar to 0.6 in freshwater/terrestrial ecosystems. The origins of this difference are uncertain, with both geochemical and biological factors conceivably at play. One potential factor is variation in...
• Differential modulation of pain and associated anxiety by GABAergic neuronal circuits in the lateral habenula AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Teng; Liu, Wen-Bo; Zhu, Sheng-Jie; Aji, Abudula; Zhang, Chen; Zhang, Chao-Chen; Duan, Yu-Jie; Zuo, Jia -Xin; Liu, Zhe-Chen; Li, Hao-Jun; Wang, Yu-Quan; Mi, Wen-Li; Mao-Ying, Qi -Liang; Wang, Yan-Qing; Chu, Yu-Xia
  作者单位：Fudan University; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fudan University; Fudan University
  摘要：Persistent pain frequently precipitates the development of anxiety disorders, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we employed a mouse model that simulates trigeminal neuralgia and observed a marked reduction in the activity of GABAergic neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), a critical region for modulating pain and anxiety. We utilized precise optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques to modulate these neurons, which significantly alleviated behaviors associat...
• Household reduction of gas consumption in the energy crisis is not explained by individual economic incentives AI翻译
  作者：Dertwinkel-Kalt, Markus; Feldhaus, Christoph; Ockenfels, Axel; Sutter, Matthias
  作者单位：University of Munster; Max Planck Society; Ruhr University Bochum; University of Cologne; University of Innsbruck; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia
  摘要：In response to the disruption of gas supplies from Russia following the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, European politicians and public utilities appealed to citizens and customers to conserve natural gas. Moreover, they strengthened economic incentives for gas conservation. In fact, a substantial amount of natural gas was saved during the winter of 2022/23. This raises the question to what extent this success is attributable to government and corporate means to foster energy conservation in the ...
• Comprehensive deletion scan of anti- CRISPR AcrIIA4 reveals essential and dispensable domains for Cas9 inhibition AI翻译
  作者：Iturralde, Annette B.; Weller, Cory A.; Giovanetti, Simone M.; Sadhu, Meru J.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); University of Virginia; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
  摘要：Delineating a protein's essential and dispensable domains provides critical insight into how it carries out its function. Here, we developed a high- throughput method to synthesize and test the functionality of all possible in- frame and continuous deletions in a gene of interest, enabling rapid and unbiased determination of protein domain importance. Our approach generates precise deletions using a CRISPR library framework that is free from constraints of gRNA target site availability and eff...