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作者：Yang, Moon Young; Mac, Khuong Duy; Strzelinski, Hannah R.; Hoffman, Samantha A.; Kim, Donghwa; Kim, Soo - Kyung; Su, Judith; Liggett, Stephen B.; Goddard, William A., III
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; University of Arizona; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; University of Arizona
摘要：G protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate multiple cellular responses and represent highly successful therapeutic targets. The mechanisms by which agonists activate the G protein are unclear for many GPCR families, including the bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs). We ascertained TAS2R5 properties by live cell- based functional assays, direct binding affinity measurements using optical resonators, and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We focus on three agonists that exhibit a wide rang...
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作者：Okamoto, Masaaki; Kuratani, Ayumi; Okuzaki, Daisuke; Kamiyama, Naganori; Kobayashi, Takashi; Sasai, Miwa; Yamamoto, Masahiro
作者单位：University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; Oita University; Oita University; University of Osaka
摘要：Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most widely used rodent model for multiple sclerosis. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are individually well known to play beneficial roles in amelioration of EAE. However, little is known about the relationship between IFN-gamma and Tregs during the disease. Here, we show that IFN-gamma polarizes Tregs into T helper 1 (Th1)-type Tregs (Th1- Tregs) to recover from EAE. Single- cell RNA sequencing analysis reveale...
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作者：Pooladvand, Pantea; Kendal, Jeremy R.; Tanaka, Mark M.
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; Durham University
摘要：Cultural practices perceived to be adaptive-from clearing land for food production to medical innovations-can disseminate quickly through human populations. However, these same practices often have unintended maladaptive effects. A particularly consequential effect is the emergence of diseases. In numerous instances, a cultural change followed by the appearance of a new pathogen. Here, we develop mathematical models to analyze the population processes through which cultural evolution precipita...
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作者：Serrano, Thomas; Casartelli, Nicoletta; Ghasemi, Foad; Wioland, Hugo; Cuvelier, Frederique; Salles, Audrey; Moya-Nilges, Maryse; Welker, Lisa; Bernacchi, Serena; Ruff, Marc; Jegou, Antoine; Romet-Lemonne, Guillaume; Schwartz, Olivier; Fremont, Stephane; Echard, Arnaud
作者单位：Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)
摘要：Many enveloped viruses bud from the plasma membrane that is tightly associated with a dense and thick actin cortex. This actin network represents a significant challenge for membrane deformation and scission, and how it is remodeled during the late steps of the viral cycle is largely unknown. Using superresolution microscopy, we show that HIV- 1 buds in areas of the plasma membrane with low cortical F- actin levels. We find that the cellular oxidoreductase MICAL1 locally depolymerizes actin at...
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作者：Dai, Zhenbang; Giustino, Feliciano
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a wide-gap semiconductor with numerous applications in photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and neuromorphic computing. The unique functional properties of this material critically depend on its ability to transport charge in the form of polarons, namely narrow electron wavepackets accompanied by local distortions of the crystal lattice. It is currently well established that the most important polymorphs of TiO2, the rutile and anatase phases, harbor small electron polaron...
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作者：Mu, Chenjun; Liu, Pan; Liu, Liang; Wang, Yaqing; Liu, Kefu; Li, Xiangyu; Li, Guozhong; Cheng, Jianbo; Bu, Mengyao; Chen, Han; Tang, Manpei; Yao, Yuanhang; Guan, Jun; Ma, Tiantian; Zhou, Zhengrong; Wu, Qingfeng; Li, Jiada; Guo, Hui; Xia, Kun; Hu, Zhengmao; Peng, Xiaoqing; Lang, Bing; Li, Faxiang; Chen, Xiao - wei; Xu, Zhiheng; Yuan, Ling
作者单位：Central South University; Capital Medical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, CAS; Peking University; Shantou University; Central South University; Central South University
摘要：KCTD10, a member of the potassium channel tetramerization domain (KCTD) family, is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and functions as a substrate recognition component within the RING- type ubiquitin ligase complex. A rare de novo variant of KCTD10, p.C124W, was identified in schizophrenia cases, yet its underlying pathogenesis remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that heterozygous KCTD10 C124W mice display pronounced synaptic abnormalities and exhibit schizophrenia- like behaviors....
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作者：Schwarz, Sebastian; Clement, Leo; Haalck, Lars; Risse, Benjamin; Wystrach, Antoine
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; University of Graz; University of Munster
摘要：Desert ants are known to rely heavily on vision while venturing for food and returning to the nest. During these foraging trips, ants memorize and recognize their visual surroundings, which enables them to recapitulate individually learned routes in a fast and effective manner. The compound eyes are crucial for such visual navigation; however, it remains unclear how information from both eyes are integrated and how ants cope with visual impairment. Here, we manipulated the ants' visual system ...
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作者：Fogarty, Laurel; Otto, Sarah P.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia
摘要：Human evolution is intricately linked with culture, which permeates almost all facets Nevertheless, our understanding of the ways in which stably transmitted, evolutionarily relevant human cultural traits might interact with the human genome is incomplete, and methods to detect such interactions are limited. Here, we describe some rules of cultural transmission which could pertain to both humans and cultural nonhuman animals that could lead to the formation and maintenance of stable associatio...
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作者：Bonomi, Robin; Pietrzak, Robert H.; Cosgrove, Kelly P.
作者单位：Yale University
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作者：Smart, Zachariah Fox; Downing, Philip A.; Austin, Suzanne H.; Greeney, Harold F.; Londono, Gustavo A.; Nahid, Mominul I.; Robinson, W. Douglas; Riehl, Christina
作者单位：Princeton University; University of Oulu; Oregon State University; Yanayacu Biological Station; Universidad ICESI; Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI)
摘要：Nest predation rates critically influence avian biodiversity and evolution. In the north temperate zone, increased nest failure along edges of forest fragments is hypothesized to play a major role in the disappearance of bird species from disturbed landscapes. However, we lack comprehensive syntheses from tropical latitudes, where biodiversity is highest and increasingly threatened by habitat fragmentation and disturbance. We assembled data from five decades of field studies across the global ...
