2024

最新文章

• Foraging mechanisms in excavate flagellates shed light on the functional ecology of early eukaryotes AI翻译
  作者：Suzuki-Tellier, Sei; Miano, Federica; Asadzadeh, Seyed Saeed; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Kiorboe, Thomas
  作者单位：Technical University of Denmark; Dalhousie University
  摘要：The phagotrophic flagellates described as typical excavates have been hypothesized to be morphologically similar to the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor and understanding the functional ecology of excavates may therefore help shed light on the ecology of these early eukaryotes. Typical excavates are characterized by a posterior flagellum equipped with a vane that beats in a ventral groove. Here, we combined flow visualization and observations of prey capture in representatives of the three clad...
• Microbes vary strategically in their metalation of mononuclear enzymes AI翻译
  作者：Rohaun, Sanjay Kumar; Sethu, Ramakrishnan; Imlay, James A.
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：Studies have determined that nonredox enzymes that are cofactored with Fe(II) are the most oxidant-sensitive targets inside Escherichia coli. These enzymes use Fe(II) cofactors to bind and activate substrates. Because of their solvent exposure, the metal can be accessed and oxidized by reactive oxygen species, thereby inactivating the enzyme. Because these enzymes participate in key physiological processes, the consequences of stress can be severe. Accordingly, when E. coli senses elevated lev...
• A conserved molecular logic for neurogenesis to gliogenesis switch in the cerebral cortex AI翻译
  作者：Liang, Xiaoyi G.; Hoang, Kendy; Meyerink, Brandon L.; Pratiksha, Kc; Paraiso, Kitt; Wang, Li; Jones, Ian R.; Zhang, Yue; Katzman, Sol; Finn, Thomas S.; Tsyporin, Jeremiah; Qu, Fangyuan; Chen, Zhaoxu; Visel, Axel; Kriegstein, Arnold; Shen, Yin; Pilaz, Louis - Jan; Chen, Bin
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Sanford Health; Sanford Health; University of South Dakota; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Joint Genome Institute - JGI; University of California System; University of California Merced; Zhejiang University; Liangzhu Laboratory; Zhejiang University
  摘要：During development, neural stem cells in the cerebral cortex, also known as radial glial cells (RGCs), generate excitatory neurons, followed by production of cortical macroglia and inhibitory neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB). Understanding the mechanisms for this lineage switch is fundamental for unraveling how proper numbers of diverse neuronal and glial cell types are controlled. We and others recently showed that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling promotes the cortical RGC lineag...
• Healthy sleep durations appear to vary across cultures AI翻译
  作者：Ou, Christine; Lou, Nigel Mantou; Maheshka, Charul; Shi, Marc; Takemura, Kosuke; Cheung, Benjamin; Heine, Steven J.
  作者单位：University of Victoria; University of Victoria; University of British Columbia; Shiga University
  摘要：Past research finds that sleep duration is reliably linked with health yet sleep durations differ substantially between countries. We investigated whether countries with shorter sleep durations have worse health. Study 1 analyzed national sleep durations from 14 past investigations (k = 353) and found that they were not associated with national health. Study 2 collected sleep duration and health data from people from 20 different countries (N = 4,933). Average sleep durations varied substantia...
• CCR3-dependent eosinophil recruitment is regulated by sialyltransferase ST3Gal-IV AI翻译
  作者：Immler, Roland; Nussbaumer, Katrin; Doerner, Axel; El Bounkari, Omar; Huber, Silke; Abisch, Janine; Napoli, Matteo; Schmidt, Sarah; Margraf, Andreas; Pruenster, Monika; Rohwedder, Ina; Lange-Sperandio, Baerbel; Mall, Marcus A.; de Jong, Renske; Ohnmacht, Caspar; Bernhagen, Juergen; Voehringer, David; Marth, Jamey D.; Frommhold, David; Sperandio, Markus
  作者单位：University of Munich; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; University of Munich; University of Munich; University of Munich; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health; Technical University of Munich; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; University of Munich; Munich Heart Alliance; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
  摘要：Eosinophil recruitment is a pathological hallmark of many allergic and helminthic diseases. Here, we investigated chemokine receptor CCR3induced eosinophil recruitment in sialyltransferase St3gal4 -/- mice. We found a marked decrease in eosinophil extravasation into CCL11 - stimulated cremaster muscles and into the inflamed peritoneal cavity of St3gal4 -/- mice. Ex vivo flow chamber assays uncovered reduced adhesion of St3gal4 -/- compared to wild type eosinophils. Using flow cytometry, we sho...
• An HLA- E- targeted TCR bispecific molecule redirects T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis AI翻译
  作者：Paterson, Rachel L.; La Manna, Marco P.; De Souza, Victoria Arena; Walker, Andrew; Gibbs-Howe, Dawn; Kulkarni, Rakesh; Fergusson, Joannah R.; Mulakkal, Nitha Charles; Monteiro, Mauro; Bunjobpol, Wilawan; Dembek, Marcin; Martin-Urdiroz, Magdalena; Grant, Tressan; Barber, Claire; Garay-Baquero, Diana J.; Tezera, Liku Bekele; Lowne, David; Britton-Rivet, Camille; Pengelly, Robert; Chepisiuk, Natalia; Singh, Praveen K.; Woon, Amanda P.; Powlesland, Alex S.; Mccully, Michelle L.; Caccamo, Nadia; Salio, Mariolina; Badami, Giusto Davide; Dorrell, Lucy; Knox, Andrew; Robinson, Ross; Elkington, Paul; Dieli, Francesco; Lepore, Marco; Leonard, Sarah; Godinho, Luis F.
  作者单位：University of Palermo; University of Palermo; Policlinico Paolo Giaccone; University of Southampton; University of Southampton
  摘要：Peptides presented by HLA - E, a molecule with very limited polymorphism, represent attractive targets for T cell receptor (TCR) - based immunotherapies to circumvent the limitations imposed by the high polymorphism of classical HLA genes in the human population. Here, we describe a TCR - based bispecific molecule that potently and selectively binds HLA - E in complex with a peptide encoded by the inhA gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans. We ...
• A mammalian tripartite enhancer cluster controls hypothalamic Pomc expression, food intake, and body weight AI翻译
  作者：Rojo, Daniela; Hael, Clara E.; Soria, Agustina; de Souza, Flavio S. J.; Low, Malcolm J.; Franchini, Lucia F.; Rubinstein, Marcelo
  作者单位：Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University of Buenos Aires; University of Buenos Aires; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Stanford University
  摘要：Food intake and energy balance are tightly regulated by a group of hypothalamic arcuate neurons expressing the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene. In mammals, arcuate - specific POMC expression is driven by two cis - acting transcriptional enhancers known as nPE1 and nPE2. Because mutant mice lacking these two enhancers still showed hypothalamic Pomc mRNA, we searched for additional elements contributing to arcuate Pomc expression. By combining molecular evolution with reporter gene expression i...
• Quantization avoids saddle points in distributed optimization AI翻译
  作者：Bo, Yanan; Wang, Yongqiang
  作者单位：Clemson University
  摘要：Distributed nonconvex optimization underpins key functionalities of numerous distributed systems, ranging from power systems, smart buildings, cooperative robots, vehicle networks to sensor networks. Recently, it has also merged as a promising solution to handle the enormous growth in data and model sizes in deep learning. A fundamental problem in distributed nonconvex optimization is avoiding convergence to saddle points, which significantly degrade optimization accuracy. We find that the pro...
• Temporal and spatial dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes central nervous system infection in mice AI翻译
  作者：Chevee, Victoria; Hullahalli, Karthik; Dailey, Katherine G.; Guereca, Leslie; Zhang, Chenyu; Waldor, Matthew K.; Portnoy, Daniel A.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that can cause life - threatening central nervous system (CNS) infections. While mechanisms by which L. monocytogenes and other pathogens traffic to the brain have been studied, a quantitative understanding of the underlying dynamics of colonization and replication within the brain is lacking. In this study, we used barcoded L. monocytogenes to quantify the bottlenecks and dissemination patterns that lead to cerebral infection. Following intraveno...
• Transient social-ecological dynamics reveal signals of decoupling in a highly disturbed Anthropocene landscape AI翻译
  作者：Lin, Qi; Zhang, Ke; Giguet- Covex, Charline; Arnaud, Fabien; McGowan, Suzanne; Gielly, Ludovic; Capo, Eric; Huang, Shixin; Ficetola, Gentile Francesco; Shen, Ji; Dearing, John A.; Meadows, Michael E.
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Umea University; University of Milan; Nanjing University; University of Southampton; University of Cape Town
  摘要：Understanding the transient dynamics of interlinked social-ecological systems (SES) is imperative for assessing sustainability in the Anthropocene. However, how to identify critical transitions in real - world SES remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present an evolutionary framework to characterize these dynamics over an extended historical timeline. Our approach leverages multidecadal rates of change in socioeconomic data, paleoenvironmental, and cutting - edge sedimentary ancie...