2024

最新文章

• Harald zur Hausen (1936 to 2023): Discoverer of human papillomavirus infection as the main cause of cervical cancer AI翻译
  作者：Lowy, Douglas R.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• The Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution buffered ants against extinction AI翻译
  作者：Jouault, Corentin; Condamine, Fabien L.; Legendre, Frederic; Perrichot, Vincent
  作者单位：Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; Universite de Rennes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU)
  摘要：With -14,000 extant species, ants are ubiquitous and of tremendous ecological importance. They have undergone remarkable diversification throughout their evolutionary history. However, the drivers of their diversity dynamics are not well quantified or understood. Previous phylogenetic analyses have suggested patterns of diversity dynamics associated with the Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution (ATR), but these studies have overlooked valuable information from the fossil record. To address this g...
• CD38-RyR2 axis-mediated signaling impedes CD8+ T cell response to anti-PD1 therapy in cancer AI翻译
  作者：Kara, Anwesha; Ghosha, Puspendu; Gautamc, Anupam; Chowdhurya, Snehanshu; Basaka, Debashree; Sarkara, Ishita; Bhoumika, Arpita; Barmanb, Shubhrajit; Chakrabortyf, Paramita; Mukhopadhyayg, Asima; Mehrotraf, Shikhar; Ganesane, Senthil Kumar; Paulh, Sandip; Chatterjeea, Shilpak
  作者单位：Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB); Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR); Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB); Medical University of South Carolina
  摘要：PD1 blockade therapy, harnessing the cytotoxic potential of CD8(+) T cells, has yielded clinical success in treating malignancies. However, its efficacy is often limited due to the progressive differentiation of intratumoral CD8(+) T cells into a hypofunctional state known as terminal exhaustion. Despite identifying CD8(+) T cell subsets associated with immunotherapy resistance, the molecular pathway triggering the resistance remains elusive. Given the clear association of CD38 with CD8(+) T c...
• Hippo cooperates with p53 to maintain foregut homeostasis and suppress the malignant transformation of foregut basal progenitor cells AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Yu; Huang, Haidi; Liu, Jiangying; Luo, Dan; Mu, Rongzi; Yuan, Jianghong; Lin, Jihong; Chen, Qiyue; Tao, Wufan; Yang, Ling; Zhang, Man; Zhang, Pingping; Fang, Fengqin; Xu, Jianming; Gong, Qingqiu; Xie, Zhiping; Zhang, Yongchun
  作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Fujian Medical University; Fujian Medical University; Fujian Medical University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Inner Mongolia Medical University; Inner Mongolia Medical University; Guangzhou Medical University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Baylor College of Medicine
  摘要：Basal progenitor cells serve as a stem cell pool to maintain the homeostasis of the epithelium of the foregut, including the esophagus and the forestomach. Aberrant genetic regulation in these cells can lead to carcinogenesis, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating the function of basal progenitor cells remain largely unknown. Here, we use mouse models to reveal that Hippo signaling is required for maintaining the homeostasis of the foreg...
• The distorting effects of producer strategies: Why engagement does not reveal consumer preferences for misinformation AI翻译
  作者：Stewart, Alexander J.; Arechar, Antonio A.; Rand, David G.; Plotkin, Joshua B.
  作者单位：University of St Andrews; Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. (CIDE); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：A great deal of empirical research has examined who falls for misinformation and why. Here, we introduce a formal game -theoretic model of engagement with news stories that captures the strategic interplay between (mis)information consumers and producers. A key insight from the model is that observed patterns of engagement do not necessarily reflect the preferences of consumers. This is because producers seeking to promote misinformation can use strategies that lead moderately inattentive read...
• Perturbative diffraction methods resolve a conformational switch that facilitates a two-step enzymatic mechanism AI翻译
  作者：Greisman, Jack B.; Dalton, Kevin M.; Brookner, Dennis E.; Klureza, Margaret A.; Sheehan, Candice J.; Henning, Robert W.; Russi, Silvia; Hekstra, Doeke R.; Kim, In-Sik
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago; Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Harvard University
  摘要：Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions through precise positioning of substrates, cofactors, and amino acids to modulate the transition -state free energy. However, the role of conformational dynamics remains poorly understood due to poor experimental access. This shortcoming is evident with Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a model system for the role of protein dynamics in catalysis, for which it is unknown how the enzyme regulates the different active site environments requir...
• The contribution of gene flow, selection, and genetic drift to five thousand years of human allele frequency change AI翻译
  作者：Simon, Alexis; Coop, Graham
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：Genomic time series from experimental evolution studies and ancient DNA datasets offer us a chance to directly observe the interplay of various evolutionary forces. We show how the genome-wide variance in allele frequency change between two time points can be decomposed into the contributions of gene flow, genetic drift, and linked selection. In closed populations, the contribution of linked selection is identifiable because it creates covariances between time intervals, and genetic drift does...
• GABAB receptors induce phasic release from medial habenula terminals through activity- dependent recruitment of release- ready vesicles AI翻译
  作者：Koppensteiner, Peter; Bhandari, Pradeep; Oenal, Cihan; Merjane, Carolina Borges-; Le Monnier, Elodie; Roy, Utsa; Nakamura, Yukihiro; Sadakata, Tetsushi; Sanbo, Makoto; Hirabayashi, Masumi; Rhee, Jeongseop; Brose, Nils; Jonas, Peter; Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  作者单位：University of Basel; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; Jikei University; Gunma University; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS)
  摘要：GABAB receptor (GBR) activation inhibits neurotransmitter release in axon terminals in the brain, except in medial habenula (MHb) terminals, which show robust poten-tiation. However, mechanisms underlying this enigmatic potentiation remain elusive. Here, we report that GBR activation on MHb terminals induces an activity- dependent transition from a facilitating, tonic to a depressing, phasic neurotransmitter release mode. This transition is accompanied by a 4.1- fold increase in readily releas...
• Weakening warming on spring freeze-thaw cycle caused greening Earth's third pole AI翻译
  作者：Li, Jialing; Wu, Chaoyang; Zhang, Yongguang; Penuelas, Josep; Liu, Lei; Ge, Quansheng
  作者单位：Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF-CERCA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF-CERCA); Zhengzhou University
  摘要：The Tibetan Plateau, recognized as Earth's third pole and among the most responsive regions to climate shifts, profoundly influences regional and even global hydrological processes. Here, we discerned a significant weakening in the influence of temperature on the initiation of surface freeze-thaw cycle (the Start of Thawing, SOT), which can be ascribed to a multitude of climatic variables, with radiation emerging as the most pivotal factor. Additionally, we showed that the diminishing impact o...
• Ancient trees are essential elements for high- mountain forest conservation: Linking the longevity of trees to their ecological function AI翻译
  作者：Pasques, Ot; Munne-Bosch, Sergi
  作者单位：University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona
  摘要：Mature forests and their extremely old trees are rare and threatened ancient vestiges in remote European high- mountain regions. Here, we analyze the role that extremely long - living trees have in mature forests biodiversity in relation to their singular traits underlying longevity. Tree size and age determine relative growth rates, bud abortion, and the water status of long- living trees. The oldest trees suffer indefectible age- related constraints but possess singular evolutionary traits d...