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作者：Ritz, Nathaniel L.; Brocka, Marta; Butler, Mary I.; Cowan, Caitlin S. M.; Barrera-Bugueno, Camila; Turkington, Christopher J. R.; Draper, Lorraine A.; Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F. S.; Turpin, Valentine; Morales, Lorena; Campos, David; Gheorghe, Cassandra E.; Ratsika, Anna; Sharma, Virat; Golubeva, Anna, V; Aburto, Maria R.; Shkoporov, Andrey N.; Moloney, Gerard M.; Hill, Colin; Clarke, Gerard; Slattery, David A.; Dinan, Timothy G.; Cryan, John F.
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; University College Cork; University College Cork; University College Cork; University College Cork; Goethe University Frankfurt; Goethe University Frankfurt Hospital
摘要：Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of both brain and behaviour, especially those related to social function. Moreover, increasing data supports a role for immune function and oxytocin signalling in social responses. To investigate whether t...
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作者：Begley, Matthew; Aragon, Mahira; Baker, Richard W.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：Adaptor protein complex- 3 (AP- 3) mediates cargo sorting from endosomes to lysosomes and lysosome- related organelles. Recently, it was shown that AP- 3 adopts a constitutively open conformation compared to the related AP- 1 and AP- 2 coat complexes, which are inactive until undergoing large conformational changes upon membrane recruitment. How AP- 3 is regulated is therefore an open question. To understand the mechanism of AP- 3 membrane recruitment and activation, we reconstituted human AP-...
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作者：Tarasovetc, Ekaterina, V; Sissoko, Gunter B.; Maiorov, Aleksandr; Mukhina, Anna S.; Ataullakhanov, Fazoil I.; Cheeseman, Iain M.; Grishchuk, Ekaterina L.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Whitehead Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Macromolecular assembly depends on tightly regulated pairwise binding interactions that are selectively favored at assembly sites while being disfavored in the soluble phase. This selective control can arise due to molecular density- enhanced binding, as recently found for the kinetochore scaffold protein CENP- T. When clustered, but the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we use quantitative in vitro assays to reveal two distinct mechanisms driving this behavior. First, Ndc80 bi...
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作者：Yi, Shengzhu; Hong, Zening; Ma, Zhongjie; Zhou, Chao; Jiang, Miao; Huang, Xiang; Huang, Mingjun; Aya, Satoshi; Zhang, Rui; Wei, Qi-Huo
作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; South China University of Technology; South China University of Technology; Southern University of Science & Technology
摘要：Ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals are polar fluids characterized by microscopic orientational ordering and macroscopic spontaneous polarizations. Within these fluids, domain walls that separate regions of different polarizations are ubiquitous. We demonstrate that the it walls in films of the polar fluids consist of twin half- integer surface disclinations spaced horizontally, enclosing a subdomain where the polarization exhibits left- or right- handed it twists across the film. The degene...
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作者：Zeng, Yimeng; Xiong, Bingsen; Gao, Hongyao; Liu, Chao; Chen, Changming; Wu, Jianhui; Qin, Shaozheng
作者单位：Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Chongqing Normal University; Shenzhen University; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing
摘要：Emotion and cognition involve an intricate crosstalk of neural and endocrine systems that support dynamic reallocation of neural resources and optimal adaptation for upcoming challenges, an active process analogous to allostasis. As a hallmark of human endocrine activity, the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is recognized to play a critical role in proactively modulating emotional and executive functions. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of such proactive effects remain elusive. By leveraging p...
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作者：Zhang, Albert
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco
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作者：Zhang, Ning; Sood, Damini; Guo, Spencer C.; Chen, Nanhao; Antoszewski, Adam; Marianchuk, Tegan; Dey, Supratim; Xiao, Yunxian; Hong, Lu; Peng, Xiangda; Baxa, Michael; Partch, Carrie; Wang, Lee-Ping; Sosnick, Tobin R.; Dinner, Aaron R.; Liwang, Andy
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Merced; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, CAS; Duke University
摘要：The oscillator of the cyanobacterial circadian clock relies on the ability of the KaiB protein to switch reversibly between a stable ground- state fold (gsKaiB) and an unstable fold- switched fold (fsKaiB). Rare fold- switching events by KaiB provide a critical delay in the negative feedback loop of this posttranslational oscillator. In this study, we experimentally and computationally investigate the temperature dependence of fold switching and its mechanism. We demonstrate that the stability...
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作者：Alhama, Raquel G.; Foushee, Ruthe; Byrne, Dan; Ettinger, Allyson; Alishahi, Afra; Goldin-Meadow, Susan
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; The New School; University of Chicago; Tilburg University; University of Chicago
摘要：Language is a productive system--we routinely produce well- formed utterances that we have never heard before. It is, however, difficult to assess when children first achieve linguistic productivity simply because we rarely know all the utterances a child has experienced. The onset of linguistic productivity has been at the heart of a long- standing theoretical question in language acquisition--do children come to language learning with abstract categories that they deploy from the earliest mo...
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作者：Mladjenovic, Stefan M.; Chandok, Ishaan S.; Darbandi, Ali; Nguyen, Luan N. M.; Stordy, Benjamin; Zhen, Mei; Chan, Warren C. W.
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Harvard University; Harvard University; University of Toronto; Sinai Health System Toronto; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Toronto; Nanyang Technological University
摘要：Delivering medical agents to diseased tissues has been challenging, leading researchers to study the in vivo transport process in the body for improving delivery. Many imaging techniques exist for mapping the distribution of medical agent- carrying nanoparticles in tissues, but they cannot capture the three- dimensional context of tissues with single microscopy (3D EM) machine learning strategy to image and map single nanoparticle distributions (NPD) in tissues. 3DEM- NPD provides unbiased vis...
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作者：Rejhon, Martin; Parashar, Nitika; Schellack, Lorenzo; Shestopalov, Mykhailo; Kunc, Jan; Riedo, Elisa
作者单位：New York University; Charles University Prague
摘要：Emergent electronic phenomena, from superconductivity to ferroelectricity, magnetism, and correlated many- body band gaps, have been observed in domains created by stacking and twisting atomic layers of Van der Waals materials. In graphene, emergent properties have been observed in ABC stacking domains obtained by exfoliation followed by expert mechanical twisting and alignment with the desired orientation, a process very challenging and nonscalable. Here, conductive atomic force microscopy sh...
