10期

最新文章

• RNA- targeted proteomics identifies YBX1 as critical for efficient HCMV mRNA translation AI翻译
  作者：Dickmander, Rebekah J.; Lenarcic, Erik M.; Sears, John D.; Hale, Andrew E.; Moorman, Nathaniel J.
  作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
  摘要：Viruses have evolved unique strategies to circumvent host control of protein synthesis and enable viral protein synthesis in the face of the host response. Defining the factors that regulate viral messenger RNA (mRNA) translation is thus critical to understand how viruses replicate and cause disease. To identify factors that might regulate viral mRNA translation, we developed a technique for identifying proteins associated with a native RNA expressed from its endogenous promoter and genomic lo...
• Candidate transmission survival genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AI翻译
  作者：Mishra, Saurabh; Singh, Prabhat Ranjan; Hu, Xiaoyi; Lopez-Quezada, Landys; Jinich, Adrian; Jahn, Robin; Geurts, Luc; Shen, Naijian; Dejesus, Michael A.; Hartman, Travis; Rhee, Kyu; Zimmerman, Matthew; Dartois, Veronique; Jones, Richard M.; Jiang, Xiuju; Almada-Monter, Ricardo; Bourouiba, Lydia; Nathan, Carl
  作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Rockefeller University; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali)
  摘要：Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a leading cause of death from infection, completes its life cycle entirely in humans except for transmission through the air. To begin to understand how Mtb survives aerosolization, we mimicked liquid and atmospheric conditions experienced by Mtb before and after exhalation using a model aerosol fluid (MAF) based on the water- soluble, lipidic, and cellular constituents of necrotic tuberculosis lesions. MAF induced drug tolerance in Mtb, remodeled its transcri...
• Mechanical ventilation energy analysis: Recruitment focuses injurious power in the ventilated lung AI翻译
  作者：Gaver, Donald P.; Singule, Michaela Kollisch-; Nieman, Gary; Satalin, Joshua; Habashi, Nader; Bates, Jason H. T.
  作者单位：Tulane University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; SUNY Upstate Medical University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore; University of Vermont
  摘要：The progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from its onset due to disease or trauma to either recovery or death is poorly understood. Currently, there are no generally accepted treatments aside from supportive care using mechanical ventilation. However, this can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which contributes to a 30 to 40% mortality rate. In this study, we develop and demonstrate a technique to quantify forms of energy transport and dissipation during mechan...
• Copy number variation contributes to parallel local adaptation in an invasive plant AI翻译
  作者：Wilson, Jonathan; Bieker, Vanessa C.; van Boheemen, Lotte; Connallon, Tim; Martin, Michael D.; Battlay, Paul; Hodgins, Kathryn A.
  作者单位：Monash University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
  摘要：Adaptation is a critical determinant of the diversification, persistence, and geographic range limits of species. Yet the genetic basis of adaptation is often unknown and potentially underpinned by a wide range of mutational types-from single nucleotide changes to large-scale alterations of chromosome structure. Copy number variation (CNV) is thought to be an important source of adaptive genetic variation, as indicated by decades of candidate gene studies that point to CNVs underlying rapid ad...
• Scaling language model size yields diminishing returns for single-message political persuasion AI翻译
  作者：Hackenburg, Kobi; Tappin, Ben M.; Roettger, Paul; Hale, Scott A.; Bright, Jonathan; Margetts, Helen
  作者单位：University of Oxford; Alan Turing Institute; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Bocconi University
  摘要：Large language models can now generate political messages as persuasive as those written by humans, raising concerns about how far this persuasiveness may continue to increase with model size. Here, we generate 720 persuasive messages on 10 US political issues from 24 language models spanning several orders of magnitude in size. We then deploy these messages in a large-scale randomized survey experiment (N = 25,982) to estimate the persuasive capability of each model. Our findings are twofold....
• A horizontally transferred bacterial gene aids the freezing tolerance of Antarctic bdelloid rotifers AI翻译
  作者：Raymond, James A.
  作者单位：Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas
  摘要：Bdelloid rotifers are well known for their abilities to survive long periods of freezing as well as acquire foreign genes. Recently sequenced genomes of some bdelloid rotifers in England were found to encode several proteins similar to ice-binding proteins (IBPs) that are usually associated with freeze-thaw tolerance. Here, I describe bdelloid rotifers inhabiting an algal patch in Antarctica that have multiple homologs of these genes. Structures of the proteins predicted by AlphaFold show that...
• A general framework for interpretable neural learning based on local information-theoretic goal functions AI翻译
  作者：Makkeh, Abdullah; Graetz, Marcel; Schneider, Andreas C.; Ehrlich, David A.; Priesemann, Viola; Wibral, Michael
  作者单位：Fundacao Champalimaud; University of Gottingen; Max Planck Society; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen
  摘要：Despite the impressive performance of biological and artificial networks, an intuitive understanding of how their local learning dynamics contribute to network-level task solutions remains a challenge to this date. Efforts to bring learning to a more local scale indeed lead to valuable insights, however, a general constructive approach to describe local learning goals that is both interpretable and adaptable across diverse tasks is still missing. We have previously formulated a local informati...
• Reply to Ye: Parallel progress in funder practices and expansion of academic incentives to support engaged research AI翻译
  作者：Bednarek, Angela T.; Miyamoto, Ben
• Structure of activity in multiregion recurrent neural networks AI翻译
  作者：Clark, David G.; Beiran, Manuel
  作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University
  摘要：Neural circuits comprise multiple interconnected regions, each with complex dynamics. The interplay between local and global activity is thought to underlie computational flexibility, yet the structure of multiregion neural activity and its origins in synaptic connectivity remain poorly understood. We investigate recurrent neural networks with multiple regions, each containing neurons with random and structured connections. Inspired by experimental evidence of communication subspaces, we use l...
• Direct observation of cholesterol monohydrate crystallization AI翻译
  作者：Chakraborty, Dipayan; Ma, Wenchuan; Wang, Xiqu; Chu, Zheting; Yang, Taimin; Warzecha, Monika; Vekilov, Peter G.; Rimer, Jeffrey D.
  作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Stockholm University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
  摘要：Cholesterol crystallization is integral to the pathology of diseases such as atherosclerosis and gallstones, yet the relevant mechanisms of crystal growth have remained elusive. Here, we use a variety of in situ techniques to examine cholesterol monohydrate crystallization over multiple length scales. In this study, we first identified a biomimetic solvent to generate triclinic monohydrate crystals, while avoiding the formation of nonphysiological solvates and enabling crystallization at rates...