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作者：Iyer, Sahithya Sridharan; Wu, Jiangbo; Pollard, Thomas D.; Voth, Gregory A.
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Arp (actin-related protein) 2/3 complex nucleates actin filament branches on the sides of preexisting actin filaments during cell and organelle movements. We used computer simulations of mammalian Arp2/3 complex to address fundamental questions about the mechanism. Metadynamics and umbrella free energy sampling simulations of the pathway revealed that a clash between the D-loop of Arp2 and Arp3 produces an energy barrier of 20 +/- 6 kcal/mol between the inactive splayed and active short-pitch ...
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作者：Lin, Meiqi; Du, Zeling; Guo, Dan; Zhang, Yiran; Dan, Jiameng
作者单位：Kunming University of Science & Technology
摘要：Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) confers to the mouse two-cell (2C) embryo a unique transcriptional profile characterized by transient up-regulation of many totipotency-related genes and MERVL retrotransposons. Intriguingly, those genes are duplicated and clustered in the genome during evolution, including Dux cluster, Obox, and Zscan4 family members in mice. However, the contribution and biological significance of the totipotency-related gene duplication events in early embryo development rema...
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作者：Schmidt, Filipp; Hebart, Martin N.; Schmid, Alexandra C.; Fleming, Roland W.
作者单位：Justus Liebig University Giessen; Philipps University Marburg; Philipps University Marburg; Philipps University Marburg; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Max Planck Society; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
摘要：Visually categorizing and comparing materials is crucial for everyday behavior, but what organizational principles underlie our mental representation of materials? Here, we used a large- scale data- driven approach to uncover core latent dimensions of material representations from behavior. First, we created an image dataset of 200 systematically sampled materials and 600 photographs (STUFF dataset, https://osf.io/myutc/). Using these images, we next collected 1.87 million triplet similarity j...
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作者：Evdokimova, Monika; Feng, Shuchen; Caobi, Allen; Moreira, Fernando R.; Jones, Dakota; Alysandratos, Konstantinos-Dionysios; Tully, Ena S.; Kotton, Darrell N.; Boyd, David F.; Banach, Bridget S.; Kirchdoerfer, Robert N.; Saeed, Mohsan; Baker, Susan C.
作者单位：Loyola University Chicago; Boston University; Boston University; Boston University; Boston Medical Center; Boston University; Boston University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Identifying conserved mechanisms used by viruses to delay host innate responses can reveal potential targets for antiviral therapeutics. Here, we investigated coronavirus nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15), which encodes a highly conserved endoribonuclease (EndoU). EndoU functions as an immune antagonist by limiting the accumulation of viral replication intermediates that would otherwise be sensed by the host. Despite being a promising antiviral target, it has been difficult to develop small- mo...
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作者：Saulsbury, James G.; Parins-Fukuchi, C. Tomomi; Wilson, Connor J.; Reitan, Trond; Liow, Lee Hsiang
作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Kansas; University of Toronto; University of Arizona; University of Oslo
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作者：Cho, Frankie H. T.; Aglonucci, Paolo; Bateman, Ian J.; Lee, Christopher F.; Lovett, Andrew; Mancini, Mattia C.; Rapti, Chrysanthi; Day, Brett H.
作者单位：University of Exeter; University of Queensland; University of Queensland; University of London; University College London; University of East Anglia
摘要：To meet decarbonization targets, nations around the globe have made ambitious commitments to expand forested land. Operationalizing these commitments requires choosing a planting strategy: How many trees should be planted, of which species, and where? Given those choices must be made now but have long- term consequences, such decisions are plagued by uncertainty. For example, species that are well suited to present conditions may perform poorly under future climates, yet those future climates ...
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作者：Zhang, Hanming; de Urturi, Diego Saenz; Fernandez-Tussy, Pablo; Huang, Yan; Jovin, Daniel G.; Zhang, Xinbo; Huang, Shushu; Lek, Monkol; Catarino, Jonatas da Silva; Sternak, Magdalena; Citrin, Kathryn M.; Swirski, Fillip K.; Gustafsson, Jan - ake; Greif, Daniel M.; Esplugues, Enric; Biwer, Lauren A.; Suarez, Yajaira; Fernandez-Hernando, Carlos
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Jagiellonian University; Yale University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Yale University
摘要：Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are the most abundant cell type in the artery's media layer and regulate vascular tone and lesion remodeling during atherogenesis. Like monocyte-derived macrophages, VSMCs accumulate excess lipids and contribute to the total intimal foam cell population in human coronary plaques and mouse aortic atheroma. While there are extensive studies characterizing the contribution of lipid metabolism in macrophage immunometabolic responses in atherosclerotic plaques, t...
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作者：Aiello, Luca Maria; Vybornova, Anastassia; Juhasz, Sando; Szell, Michael; Bokanyi, Eszter
作者单位：IT University Copenhagen; Corvinus University Budapest; Corvinus University Budapest; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Urban highways are common, especially in the United States, making cities more car-centric. They promise the annihilation of distance but obstruct pedestrian mobility, thus playing a key role in limiting social interactions locally. Although this limiting role is widely acknowledged in urban studies, the quantitative relationship between urban highways and social ties is barely tested. Here, we define a Barrier Score that relates massive, geolocated online social network data to highways in th...
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作者：Chen, Zheng; Xiao, Yi; Qiao, Xianji; Ou, Honghui; Lee, Chi-Feng; Wang, Hsiao-Tsu; Shao, Yu-Cheng; Han, Lili
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, CAS; Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China; Zhejiang University; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Tamkang University; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
摘要：Although bismuth catalysts enable accelerated electrochemical CO2-to-formate conversion, the intrinsic active sites and forming mechanisms under operating conditions remain elusive. Herein, we prepared Bi2O2NCN, Bi2O3, and Bi2O2S as precatalysts. Among them, Bi2O2NCN-derived catalyst possesses optimum performance of electrochemical CO2-to-formate, exhibiting an upsurge of Faradaic efficiency to 98.3% at-0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrodes. In-situ infrared and electrochemical impedance sp...
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作者：Ghimire, Sudeep; Lehman, Peter C.; Meza, Leeann S. Aguilar; Shahi, Shailesh K.; Hoang, Jemmie; Olalde, Heena; Paullus, Mishelle; Cherwin, Catherine; Wang, Kai; Gill, Christine; Cho, Tracey; Mangalam, Ashutosh K.
作者单位：University of Iowa; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); Iowa City VA Health Care System; University of Iowa; University of Iowa; University of Iowa; University of Iowa; University of Iowa
摘要：Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the causal relationship between specific gut bacteria and MS pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Therefore, we profiled the stool microbiome of people with MS (PwMS) and healthy controls (HC) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. PwMS showed a distinct microbiome compared to HC, with Prevotella copri (PC) and Blautia species as drivers of microbial communities in HC and PwMS, respectively. Administration of MS-driving...
