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作者：Ortiz-Bobea, Ariel; Chambers, Robert G.; He, Yurou; Lobell, David B.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Increasing agricultural productivity is a gradual process with significant time lags between research and development (R&D) investment and the resulting gains. We estimate the response of US agricultural Total Factor Productivity to both R&D investment and weather and quantify the public R&D spending required to offset the emerging impacts of climate change. We find that offsetting the climate-induced productivity slowdown by 2050 will require R&D spending over 2021 to 2050 to grow at 5.2 to 7...
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作者：Sabaris, Gonzalo; Schuettengruber, Bernd; Papadopoulos, Giorgio L.; Coronado-Zamora, Marta; Fitz-James, Maximilian H.; Gonzalez, Josefa; Cavalli, Giacomo
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Montpellier; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC-UPF - Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE); Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：Genetic assimilation is a process by which a trait originally driven by the environment becomes independent of the initial cue and is expressed constitutively in a population. More than seven decades have passed since Waddington's pioneering demonstration of the acquisition of morphological traits through genetic assimilation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we address this gap by performing combined genomic analyses of Waddington's genetic assimilation experiments using th...
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作者：Nishiguchi, Daiki; Shiratani, Sora; Takeuchi, Kazumasa A.; Aranson, Igor S.
作者单位：University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Active turbulence, or chaotic self-organized collective motion, is often observed in concentrated suspensions of motile bacteria and other systems of self-propelled interacting agents. To date, there is no fundamental understanding of how geometrical confinement orchestrates active turbulence and alters its physical properties. Here, by combining large-scale experiments, computer modeling, and analytical theory, we have identified a generic sequence of transitions occurring in bacterial suspen...
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作者：Chen, Feifei; Chen, Wei; Qiu, Huanguang
作者单位：China University of Mining & Technology; Renmin University of China; Liaoning University
摘要：Deforestation frequently accompanies poverty, yet various antipoverty programs in many countries have exhibited mixed results in addressing deforestation. Poverty Alleviation Resettlement (PAR) stands out as one of the few government-led resettlement programs designed to alleviate poverty, offering comprehensive follow-up support for quality of life and employment after relocation. Our study uncovered empirical evidence of the PAR program's impact on forest quality. Through a multiperiod diffe...
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作者：Dendene, Sara; Xue, Shuanghong; Mohammedi, Roza; Vieillard, Adam; Nicoud, Quentin; Valette, Odile; Frascella, Angela; Bonnardel, Anna; Le Bars, Romain; Bourge, Mickael; Mergaert, Peter; Brilli, Matteo; Alunni, Benoit; Biondi, Emanuele G.
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite; University of Milan; AgroParisTech; INRAE; Universite Paris Saclay
摘要：Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that establishes a nitrogen- fixing symbiosis within root nodules of legumes. In this symbiosis, S. meliloti undergoes a drastic cellular change leading to a terminally differentiated form, called bacteroid, characterized by genome endoreduplication, increased cell size, and high membrane permeability. Bacterial cell cycle (mis)regulation is at the heart of this differentiation process. In free- living cells, the master regulator CtrA ensures the prog...
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作者：Deng, Xingguang; He, Ying; Tang, Xiaoya; Liu, Xianghong; Lee, Yuh-Ru Julie; Liu, Bo; Lin, Honghui
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作者：Zhang, Fei; Xu, Ling-Dong; Wu, Shiying; Wu, Qirou; Wang, Ailian; Liu, Shengduo; Zhang, Qian; Yu, Xinyuan; Wang, Bin; Pan, Yinghao; Huang, Fei; Neculai, Dante; Xia, Bing; Feng, Xin-Hua; Shen, Li; Zhang, Qi; Liang, Tingbo; Huang, Yao-Wei; Xu, Pinglong
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang Gongshang University; South China Agricultural University; South China Agricultural University; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Zhejiang University; Westlake University; Zhejiang University
摘要：Chronic infections with hepatitis E virus (HEV), especially those of genotype 3 (G3), frequently lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients. However, the causation and mechanism of liver fibrosis triggered by chronic HEV infection remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the viral multiple-domain replicase (ORF1) undergoes unique ubiquitin-proteasomal processing leading to formation of the HEV-Derived SMAD Activator (HDSA), a viral polypeptide lacking putative helicase and RNA polym...
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作者：Latham, Andrew P.; Zhang, Wanlu; Tempkin, Jeremy O. B.; Otsuka, Shotaro; Ellenberg, Jan; Sali, Andrej
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); Medical University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL); Medical University of Vienna
摘要：Dynamic processes involving biomolecules are essential for the function of the cell. Here, we introduce an integrative method for computing models of these processes based on multiple heterogeneous sources of information, including time-resolved experimental data and physical models of dynamic processes. First, for each time point, a set of coarse models of compositional and structural heterogeneity is computed (heterogeneity models). Second, for each heterogeneity model, a set of static integ...
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作者：Li, Yong; Zhang, Chufeng; Tang, Dongmei; Wang, Tao; Yan, Wei; Yang, Linyu; Bai, Peng; Tang, Minghai; Pei, Heying; Chen, Lijuan; Chen, Qiang; Yang, Jianhong
作者单位：Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University
摘要：For decades, microtubules-composed of alpha beta- tubulin dimers-have been primary targets for cancer chemotherapy. While eight binding sites on the tubulin dimer have been structurally characterized, this study reveals a ninth. We found that the tubulin inhibitor Tumabulin-1 (TM1, a BML284 derivative) binds simultaneously to the well-known colchicine site and a previously unknown site, designated as Tumabulin site. This site resides at the interface of alpha 1-tubulin, beta 1-tubulin, and RB3...
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作者：Orr, Noga; Steinman, Lawrence
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet its exact role in disease progression remains unclear. Using high-dimensional CO-detection by indexing, a technology for spatial imaging, this study examines the cellular microenvironment of MS lesions in secondary progressive MS and primary progressive MS. We analyzed immune, glial, neuronal, and endothelial cell interactions within MS lesions and normal-appearing white matter across two indepe...
