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作者：Hill, Cameron; Kalakoutis, Michaeljohn; Arcidiacono, Alice; Cullup, Flair Paradine; Wang, Yanhong; Fukutani, Atsuki; Narayanan, Theyencheri; Brunello, Elisabetta; Fusi, Luca; Irving, Malcolm
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; King's College London; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); University of London; King's College London
摘要：Muscle contraction is driven by myosin motors from the thick filaments pulling on the actin-containing thin filaments of the sarcomere, and it is regulated by structural changes in both filaments. Thin filaments are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i and by myosin binding to actin. Thick filaments are activated by direct sensing of the filament load. However, these mechanisms cannot explain muscle relaxation when [Ca2+]i decreases at high load and myosin mo...
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作者：Sattarnezhad, Neda; Kockum, Ingrid; Thomas, Olivia G.; Liu, Yicong; Ho, Peggy P.; Barrett, Alison K.; Comanescu, Alexandros I.; Wijeratne, Tilini U.; Utz, Paul J.; Alfredsson, Lars; Steinman, Lawrence; Robinson, William H.; Olsson, Tomas; Lanz, Tobias, V
作者单位：Stanford University; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Palo Alto Health Care System; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institutet; Stanford University; Stanford University; Karolinska Institutet; Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Palo Alto Health Care System
摘要：Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which is linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, preceding the disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying this connection are only partially understood. We previously described molecular mimicry between the EBV transcription factor EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and three human CNS proteins: anoctamin-2 (ANO2), alpha-B crystallin (CRYAB), and glial cellular adhesion molecule (GlialCAM). ...
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作者：Muratore, Daniel; Gilbert, Naomi E.; LeCleir, Gary R.; Wilhelm, Steven W.; Weitz, Joshua S.
作者单位：The Santa Fe Institute; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：The daily cycle of photosynthetic primary production at the base of marine food webs is often limited by the availability of scarce nutrients. Microbial competition for these scarce resources can be alleviated insofar as the intensity of nutrient uptake and assimilation activities are distributed heterogeneously across organisms over periodic input cycles. Recent analysis of community transcriptional dynamics in the nitrogen-limited subtropical North Pacific gyre revealed evidence of temporal ...
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作者：Gilberta, Gregory J.; Petigura, Erik A.; Entrican, Paige M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：NASA's Kepler mission identified over 4,000 extrasolar planets that transit (cross in front of) their host stars. This sample has revealed detailed features in the demographics of planet sizes and orbital spacings. However, knowledge of their orbital shapes-a key tracer of planetary formation and evolution-remains far more limited. We present measurements of eccentricities for 1,646 Kepler planets, 92% of which are smaller than Neptune. For all planet sizes, the eccentricity distribution peaks...
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作者：Usmani, Mahrukh; Coudray, Nicolas; Riggi, Margot; Raghu, Rishwanth; Ramchandani, Harshita; Bobe, Daija; Kopylov, Mykhailo; Zhong, Ellen D.; Iwasa, Janet H.; Ekiert, Damian C.; Bhabha, Gira
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; New York University; New York University; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Princeton University
摘要：Microsporidia are divergent fungal pathogens that employ a unique harpoon-like apparatus called the polar tube (PT) to invade host cells. The long PT is fired out of the microsporidian spore over the course of just a few hundred milliseconds. Once fired, the PT is thought to pierce the plasma membrane of a target cell and act as a conduit for the transfer of the parasite into the host cell, which initiates infection. The PT architecture and its association with neighboring organelles within th...
