-
作者：Boundy-Singer, Zoe M.; Ziemba, Corey M.; Goris, Robbe L. T.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI)
摘要：Perception is fallible. Humans know this, and so do some nonhuman animals like macaque monkeys. When monkeys report more confidence in a perceptual decision, that decision is more likely to be correct. It is not known how neural circuits in the primate brain assess the quality of perceptual decisions. Here, we test two hypotheses. First, that decision confidence is related to the structure of population activity in the sensory cortex. And second, that this relation differs from the one between...
-
作者：Chakraborty, Saikat; Wang, Shuze; Ruhala, Jack; Mehling, Brett; Liu, Jie; Waldhaus, Joerg
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen that contributes to inner ear development. Gain and loss of function experiments have indicated retinoic acid's critical role in cochlear hair cell development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we hypothesized that RA receptor alpha (RARA) has a dual role in cochlear organogenesis: First, during embryonic development, in the presence of RA, RARA functions as a transcriptional activator that induces prosensory gene expression in p...
-
作者：Ittonen, Mats; Nielsen, Matthew E.; Siemers, Isabelle; Friberg, Magne; Gotthard, Karl
作者单位：University of Tartu; Stockholm University; Stockholm University; University of Bremen; Lund University
摘要：Climate change pushes species toward higher latitudes and altitudes, but the proximate drivers of range expansions vary, and it is unclear whether evolution facilitates climate change-induced range changes. In a temporally replicated field experiment, we trans-located wall brown butterflies (Lasiommata megera) descending from range interior and range margin populations to sites at 1) the range interior, 2) the range margin, and 3) beyond the current northern range edge. Thereby, we tested for ...
-
作者：Kochanowsky, Joshua A.; Betts, Emma L.; Encinas, Gabriel; Amoah, Johnson; Johnson, Patricia J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Arizona
摘要：Trichomonas vaginalis is a common, extracellular, sexually transmitted parasite which is often found in symbiosis with the intracellular bacterium Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), an opportunistic pathogen of the female reproductive tract. How this symbiosis affects infection outcomes and the host cell innate immune response is poorly understood. Here, we show that infection with T. vaginalis in symbiosis with M. hominis or M. hominis alone triggers a noncanonical type I interferon, interferon-epsilon...
-
作者：Liu, Wenfeng; Fu, Zhonghao; Vliet, Michelle T. H. van; Davis, Kyle Frankel; Ciais, Philippe; Bao, Yuzhuang; Bai, Yawei; Du, Taisheng; Kang, Shaozhong; Yin, Zun; Fang, Yu; Wada, Yoshihide
作者单位：China Agricultural University; China Agricultural University; Utrecht University; University of Delaware; University of Delaware; Universite Paris Saclay; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; Princeton University; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA
摘要：Freshwater resources are fundamental to supporting humanity, and measures of water scarcity have been critical for identifying where water requirements and water availability are imbalanced. Existing water scarcity metrics typically account for blue water withdrawals (i.e., from surface-/groundwater), while the contribution of green water (i.e., soil moisture) and water quality-dimensions with important implications for multiple societal sectors-to water scarcity remains unclear. Here, we intr...
-
作者：Guo, Yongzhao; Mayr, Magdalena J.; Pereira, Olivia S.; Levin, Lisa A.; Orphan, Victoria J.; Goffredi, Shana K.
作者单位：Occidental College; California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography
摘要：Methane seeps harbor uncharacterized animal-microbe symbioses with unique nutritional strategies. Three undescribed sea spider species (family Ammotheidae; genus Sericosura) endemic to methane seeps were found along the eastern Pacific margin, from California to Alaska, hosting diverse methane-and methanol-oxidizing bacteria on their exoskeleton. S13C tissue isotope values of in situ specimens corroborated methane assimilation (-45 parts per thousand, on average). Live animal incubations with ...
-
作者：Bai, Bowen; Zhang, Xiangmin; Zhang, Mengmeng; Ma, Weiwei; Li, Jiwei; Zhang, Haili; Na, Lei; Guo, Xing; Lin, Yuezhi; Wang, Xue - Feng; Wang, Xiaojun
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
摘要：Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is an important model for the study of pathogenesis in lentiviruses. Studies of viral genome organization and replication mechanisms are fundamental to the understanding of virus pathogenicity. In this study, we identified an unique transcript from EIAV in vivo and in vitro by Sanger sequencing and Northern blotting. The transcript contains a complete open reading frame and has length 369 nt. We named the protein encoded by this transcript S4 and demonstra...
-
作者：Alberti, Valentina Elettra; Bloch, Daria; Gengel, Erik; Puli, Mallikarjuna Rao; Poraty-Gavra, Limor; Yalovsky, Shaul
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; Rabin Medical Center
摘要：The mutual antagonistic signaling of abscisic acid (ABA) and ROP GTPases highlights an intersection between stress responses and pattern formation. Previously, we have shown that signaling of ABA in the endodermis leads to protoxylem (PX) differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that ROPs suppress PX differentiation in the roots of both Arabidopsis and tomato. Fourier transform and Shannon's entropy show that endodermal ABA signaling controls the periodicity and overall order of PX secon...
-
作者：Johansen, Christian M.; Benazzi, Elisabetta; Peters, Jonas C.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology
摘要：The Hantzsch ester (HEH2) has found considerable utility as a photoreductant in synthesis, with photodriven transfer hydrogenation reactions typically limited to activated substrates. We recently established that the addition of an organic buffer of collidinium triflate [(ColH)OTf] and collidine (Col) allows photodriven transfer hydrogenation from HEH2 to N2 forming NH3 (nitrogen reduction; N2R) in the presence of a Mo catalyst. Given the requirements for Mo-catalyzed thermally driven N2R, thi...
-
作者：Ma, Zhibo; Zhou, Xi; Jia, Wenlong; Tan, Xiaosheng; Huang, Xia; Wang, Jingzeng; Sun, Lingjuan; Li, Qingwen; Zhao, Xiangli; Yuan, Naonao; Liu, Ping; Liu, Jing; Chen, Zhishui; Lan, Peixiang; Nathan, Carl F.
作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Tissue fibrosis is commonly associated with organ malfunction and is strongly associated with the development of chronic rejection, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases. Fibrosis also contributes to immune exclusion in tumor tissues. Targeting fibrosis might be a strategy for prolonging allograft survival while suppressing cancer development. Here, single- cell transcriptomes of human and mouse heart allografts showed that macrophages accumulated in grafts with fibrosis were rep...
