37期

最新文章

• Modeling human retinal ganglion cell axonal outgrowth, development, and pathology using pluripotent stem cell-based microfluidic platforms AI翻译
  作者：Gomes, Catia; Huang, Kang-Chieh; Lavekar, Sailee S.; Harkin, Jade; Prosser, Carson G.; Fang, Yue; Kalem, Claire; Oblak, Adrian; Zhang, Chi; Meyer, Jason S.
  作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
  摘要：Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are highly compartmentalized neurons whose long axons serve as the sole connection between the eye and the brain. In both injury and disease, RGC degeneration occurs in a similarly compartmentalized manner, with distinct molecular and cellular responses in the axonal and somatodendritic regions. The goal of this study was to establish a microfluidic-based platform to investigate RGC compartmentalization in both health and disease states. Human pluripotent stem cel...
• Deep reinforcement learning control unlocks enhanced heat transfer in turbulent convection AI翻译
  作者：Zhou, Zisong; Zhu, Xiaojue
  作者单位：Max Planck Society
  摘要：Turbulent convection governs heat transport in both natural and industrial settings, yet optimizing it under extreme conditions remains a significant challenge. Traditional control strategies, such as predefined temperature modulation, struggle to achieve substantial enhancement. Here, we introduce a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework that autonomously discovers optimal control policies to maximize heat transfer in turbulent Rayleigh-B & eacute;nard convection. By dynamically adjustin...
• 3D pattern formation of a protein-membrane suspension AI翻译
  作者：Chardac, Amelie; Norton, Michael M.; Touboul, Jonathan; Duclos, Guillaume
  作者单位：Brandeis University; Brandeis University; Brandeis University
  摘要：Many essential cellular processes, including cell division and the establishment of cell polarity during embryogenesis, are regulated by pattern-forming proteins. These proteins often need to bind to a substrate, such as the cell membrane, onto which they interact and form two-dimensional (2D) patterns. It is unclear how the membrane's continuity and dimensionality impact pattern formation. Here, we address this gap using the MinDE system, a prototypical example of pattern-forming membrane pro...
• S-nitrosylation of pVHL regulates β2 adrenergic receptor function AI翻译
  作者：Grimmett, Zachary W.; Hayashi, Hiroki; Raffay, Thomas M.; Lin, Justin; Premont, Richard T.; Stamler, Jonathan S.
  作者单位：University of Osaka; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; Case Western Reserve University Hospital; University Hospitals of Cleveland
  摘要：The (32- adrenergic receptor ((32AR), a prototype G protein-coupled receptor, controls cardiopulmonary function underpinning O2 delivery. Abundance of the (32AR is canonically regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases and (3- arrestins, but neither controls constitutive receptor levels, which are dependent on ambient O2. Basal (32AR expression is instead regulated by the prolyl hydroxylase/pVHL- E3 ubiquitin ligase system, explaining O2 responsivity. Interplay between O2 and nitric oxide...
• Experimentally enhancing dispersal reveals the outsized importance of transient dynamics in a fluctuating environment AI翻译
  作者：Kowalski, Jessica J.; Gilbert, Benjamin; Strauss, Sharon Y.; Germain, Rachel M.
  作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：The size and composition of local species pools are, in part, determined by past dispersal events. Predicting how communities respond to future disturbances, such as fluctuating environmental conditions, requires knowledge of such histories. We assessed the influence of a historical dispersal event on community assembly by simulating various scales of dispersal for 240 serpentine annual plant communities that experienced a large shift from drought to high rainfall conditions over three years. ...
• Salmonella produces sulfide to compete with Escherichia coli in the gut lumen AI翻译
  作者：Larabi, Anais B.; Tiffany, Connor R.; Masson, Hugo L. P.; Nguyen, Henry; Bejarano, Eli J.; Liou, Megan J.; Radlinski, Lauren C.; Demars, Aurore M.; Tsolis, Renee M.; Baumler, Andreas J.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Hydrogen sulfide production is a characteristic that distinguishes Salmonella serovars from closely related species, such as Escherichia coli, but its biological significance remains obscure. Here, we show that PhsABC and AsrABC-mediated hydrogen sulfide production by Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Typhimurium was linked to an increased abundance of Deltaproteobacteria and inhibition of cytochrome bd oxidase-mediated aerobic respiration of Escherichia coli in the murine large intestine. Func...
• Stress- induced organismal death is genetically regulated by the mTOR-Zeste-Phae1 axis AI翻译
  作者：Matsumura, Takashi; Ryuda, Masasuke; Matsumoto, Hitoshi; Kamiyama, Takumi; Jinnai, Kyoko; Kondo, Shu; Nakamura, Akira; Hayakawa, Yoichi; Niwa, Ryusuke
  作者单位：University of Tsukuba; Saga University; Saga University; Tokyo University of Science; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Genetics (NIG) - Japan; Kumamoto University
  摘要：All organisms are exposed to various stressors, which can sometimes lead to organismal death, depending on their intensity. While stress-induced organismal death has been observed in many species, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of stress-induced organismal death in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We identified a chymotrypsin-like serine protease Phaedra1 (Phae1) as a death mediator in D. melanogaster larvae. Phae1 expres...
• Muricholic acid mediates puberty initiation via the hypothalamic TGR5 signaling pathway AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Shan; Huang, Ke; Liu, Ana; Wang, Senjie; Jiang, Runqiu; Chen, Wenlian; Wang, Huiying; Ullah, Rahim; Xue, Chuqing; Wu, Wei; Dong, Guanping; Jiang, Peifang; Fu, Junfen; Ni, Yan
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Nanjing University; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhejiang University
  摘要：The onset of puberty is increasingly observed at earlier ages in children, especially in girls with obesity, a trend that predisposes them to long-term metabolic and reproductive disorders in adulthood. Bile acids have emerged as pivotal signaling molecules in both metabolic and reproductive disorders, but remain unexplored in the early onset of puberty in children. Herein, we find elevated levels of muricholic acid (MCA) species in the serum of girls with central precocious puberty, which str...
• Ice gliding diatoms establish record-low temperature limits for motility in a eukaryotic cell AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Qing; Leng, Hope T.; Li, Hongquan; Arrigo, Kevin R.; Prakash, Manu
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：Despite periods of permanent darkness and extensive ice coverage in polar environments, photosynthetic ice diatoms display a remarkable capability of living inside the ice matrix. How these organisms navigate such hostile conditions with limited light and extreme cold remains unknown. Using a custom subzero temperature microscope during an Arctic expedition, we present the finding of motility at record-low temperatures in a Eukaryotic cell. By characterizing the gliding motility of several ice...
• Ecosystem consequences of a nitrogen- fixing proto- organelle AI翻译
  作者：Marks, Jane C.; Zampini, Michael C.; Fitzpatrick, Raina; Kariunga, Saeed H.; Sitati, Augustine; Samo, Ty J.; Weber, Peter K.; Thomas, Steven; Hungate, Bruce A.; Ramon, Christina E.; Wulf, Michael; Leshyk, Victor O.; Schwartz, Egbert; Ridge, Jennifer Pett -; Power, Mary E.
  作者单位：Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Merced; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：Microscale symbioses can be critical to ecosystem functions, but the mechanisms of these interactions in nature are often cryptic. Here, we use a combination of stable isotope imaging and tracing to reveal carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) exchanges among three symbiotic primary producers that fuel a salmon-bearing river food web. Bulk isotope analysis, nanoSIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) isotope imaging, and density centrifugation for quantitative stable isotope probing enabled quantificatio...