-
作者：Sattarnezhad, Neda; Kockum, Ingrid; Thomas, Olivia G.; Liu, Yicong; Ho, Peggy P.; Barrett, Alison K.; Comanescu, Alexandros I.; Wijeratne, Tilini U.; Utz, Paul J.; Alfredsson, Lars; Steinman, Lawrence; Robinson, William H.; Olsson, Tomas; Lanz, Tobias, V
作者单位：Stanford University; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Palo Alto Health Care System; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institutet; Stanford University; Stanford University; Karolinska Institutet; Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Palo Alto Health Care System
摘要：Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which is linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, preceding the disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying this connection are only partially understood. We previously described molecular mimicry between the EBV transcription factor EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and three human CNS proteins: anoctamin-2 (ANO2), alpha-B crystallin (CRYAB), and glial cellular adhesion molecule (GlialCAM). ...
-
作者：Muratore, Daniel; Gilbert, Naomi E.; LeCleir, Gary R.; Wilhelm, Steven W.; Weitz, Joshua S.
作者单位：The Santa Fe Institute; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：The daily cycle of photosynthetic primary production at the base of marine food webs is often limited by the availability of scarce nutrients. Microbial competition for these scarce resources can be alleviated insofar as the intensity of nutrient uptake and assimilation activities are distributed heterogeneously across organisms over periodic input cycles. Recent analysis of community transcriptional dynamics in the nitrogen-limited subtropical North Pacific gyre revealed evidence of temporal ...
-
作者：Chakraborty, Dipayan; Ma, Wenchuan; Wang, Xiqu; Chu, Zheting; Yang, Taimin; Warzecha, Monika; Vekilov, Peter G.; Rimer, Jeffrey D.
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Stockholm University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
摘要：Cholesterol crystallization is integral to the pathology of diseases such as atherosclerosis and gallstones, yet the relevant mechanisms of crystal growth have remained elusive. Here, we use a variety of in situ techniques to examine cholesterol monohydrate crystallization over multiple length scales. In this study, we first identified a biomimetic solvent to generate triclinic monohydrate crystals, while avoiding the formation of nonphysiological solvates and enabling crystallization at rates...
-
作者：Nartallo-Kaluarachchi, Ramon; Bonetti, Leonardo; Fernandez-Rubio, Gemma; Vuust, Peter; Deco, Gustavo; Kringelbach, Morten L.; Lambiotte, Renaud; Goriely, Alain
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Alan Turing Institute; Aarhus University; University of Oxford; University of Barcelona; Pompeu Fabra University; Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA
摘要：Information processing in the human brain can be modeled as a complex dynamical system operating out of equilibrium with multiple regions interacting nonlinearly. Yet, despite extensive study of the global level of nonequilibrium in the brain, quantifying the irreversibility of interactions among brain regions at multiple levels remains an unresolved challenge. Here, we present the Directed Multiplex Visibility Graph Irreversibility framework, a method for analyzing neural recordings using net...
-
作者：Jun, Kyujung; Ceder, Gerbrand
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
-
作者：Matte, Arthur; Leboeuf, Adria C.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Fribourg
摘要：Building differences between genetically equivalent units is a fundamental challenge for all multicellular organisms and superorganisms. In ants, reproductive or worker fate is typically determined during the larval stage, through feeding regimes managed by adult caretakers. However, the feeding care provided to larvae varies significantly across ants, as does phenotypic divergence between queen and worker castes. Here, we employed comparative phylogenetic methods and causal inference to inves...
-
作者：Trollmann, Marius F. W.; Rossetti, Paolo; Boeckmann, Rainer A.
作者单位：University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
-
作者：Xie, Ying-Min; Nagaosa, Naoto
作者单位：RIKEN; RIKEN
摘要：The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) generates a direct current photocurrent under uniform irradiation and is a nonlinear optical effect traditionally studied in noncentrosymmetric materials. The two main origins of BPVE are the shift and injection currents, arising from transitions in electron position and electron velocity during optical excitation, respectively. Recently, it was proposed that photon-drag effects could unlock BPVE in centrosymmetric materials. However, experimental progress r...
-
作者：Gilberta, Gregory J.; Petigura, Erik A.; Entrican, Paige M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：NASA's Kepler mission identified over 4,000 extrasolar planets that transit (cross in front of) their host stars. This sample has revealed detailed features in the demographics of planet sizes and orbital spacings. However, knowledge of their orbital shapes-a key tracer of planetary formation and evolution-remains far more limited. We present measurements of eccentricities for 1,646 Kepler planets, 92% of which are smaller than Neptune. For all planet sizes, the eccentricity distribution peaks...
-
作者：Thiemann, Fabian L.; Scalliet, Camille; Michaelides, Angelos; Avouris, Phaedon
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Universite Paris Cite; Sorbonne Universite; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Imperial College London
摘要：Two-dimensional (2D) materials display nanoscale dynamic ripples that significantly impact their properties. Defects within the crystal lattice are the elementary building blocks to tailor the material's morphology. While some studies have explored the link between defective structures and rippling dynamics in 2D materials, a comprehensive understanding of this relationship has yet to be achieved. Here, we address this using machine learning-driven molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically,...
