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作者：Guillaume, Stephane M.; Foster, William S.; Molina, Isabel San Martin; Watson, Emily M.; Innocentin, Silvia; Kennedy, Grant M.; Denton, Alice E.; Linterman, Michelle A.
作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Babraham Institute; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Babraham Institute; University of Warwick; Imperial College London
摘要：The lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment and a myriad of antigenic challenges within the air. Chronic exposure to allergens and other airborne antigens can result in the formation of lymphocyte aggregates in the lung, which can harbor ectopic germinal centers (GCs). After allergen exposure, GCs that form in the lung are much smaller and less densely packed with B cells than lymph node GCs. Despite this, ectopic lung GCs support somatic hypermutation and affinity-based matur...
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作者：Sarkar, Lucky; Liu, GuanQun; Acharya, Dhiraj; Zhu, Junji; Sayyad, Zuberwasim; Gack, Michaela U.
作者单位：McGill University; Cleveland Clinic Foundation
摘要：The posttranslational modification (PTM) of innate immune sensor proteins by ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins is crucial for regulating antiviral host responses. The cytoplasmic dsRNA receptor melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) undergoes several PTMs including ISGylation within its first caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD), which promotes MDA5 signaling. However, the relevance of MDA5 ISGylation for antiviral immunity in an infected organism has been elusive....
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作者：Dedrick, Jeramy L.; Pelayo, Christian N.; Russell, Lynn M.; Lubin, Dan; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes; Miller, Mark
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：The Twomey effect brightens clouds by increasing aerosol concentrations, which activates more droplets and decreases cloud supersaturation in response to more competition for water vapor. To quantify this competition response, we used marine low cloud observations in clean and smoky conditions at Ascension Island in the tropical South Atlantic during the Layered Aerosol Smoke Interactions with Cloud (LASIC) campaign. These observations show similar increases in droplet number for increased acc...
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作者：Muro, Enrique M.; Ballesteros, Fernando J.; Luque, Bartolo; Bascompte, Jordi
作者单位：Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; University of Valencia; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid; University of Zurich
摘要：The origin of eukaryotes represents one of the most significant events in evolution since it allowed the posterior emergence of multicellular organisms. Yet, it remains unclear how existing regulatory mechanisms of gene activity were transformed to allow this increase in complexity. Here, we address this question by analyzing the length distribution of proteins and their corresponding genes for 6,519 species across the tree of life. We find a scale-invariant relationship between gene mean leng...
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作者：Sierant, Michael C.; Jin, Sheng Chih; Bilguvar, Kaya; Morton, Sarah U.; Dong, Weilai; Jiang, Wei; Lu, Ziyu; Li, Boyang; Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc; Tikhonova, Irina; Zeng, Xue; Lu, Qiongshi; Choi, Jungmin; Zhang, Junhui; Nelson-Williams, Carol; Knight, James R.; Zhao, Hongyu; Cao, Junyue; Mane, Shrikant; Sedore, Stanley C.; Gruber, Peter J.; Lek, Monkol; Goldmuntz, Elizabeth; Deanfield, John; Giardini, Alessandro; Mital, Seema; Russell, Mark; Gaynor, J. William; King, Eileen; Wagner, Michael; Srivastava, Deepak; Shen, Yufeng; Bernstein, Daniel; Porter Jr, George A.; Newburger, Jane W.; Seidman, Jonathan G.; Roberts, Amy E.; Yandell, Mark; Yost, H. Joseph; Tristani-Firouzi, Martin; Kim, Richard; Chung, Wendy K.; Gelb, Bruce D.; Seidman, Christine E.; Brueckner, Martina; Lifton, Richard P.
作者单位：Yale University; Rockefeller University; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Acibadem University; Acibadem University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Yale University; Rockefeller University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Korea University; Korea University Medicine (KU Medicine); Yale University; Michigan State University; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine; Yale University; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; The J David Gladstone Institutes; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Columbia University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Stanford University; University of Rochester; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Catholic University of America; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Columbia University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of infant mortality. We analyzed de novo mutations (DNMs) and very rare transmitted/unphased damaging variants in 248 prespecified genes in 11,555 CHD probands. The results identified 60 genes with a significant burden of heterozygous damaging variants. Variants in these genes accounted for CHD in 10.1% of probands with similar contributions from de novo and transmitted variants in parent-offspring trios that showed incomplete penetrance. DNMs ...
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作者：Bondoc-Naumovitz, Karen Grace; Crosato, Emanuele; Wan, Kirsty Y.
作者单位：University of Exeter; University of Exeter
摘要：Diatoms, a highly successful group of photosynthetic algae, contribute to a quarter of global primary production. Many species are motile, despite having no appendages and a completely rigid cell body. Cells move to seek out nutrients, locate mating partners, and undergo vertical migration. To explore the natural diversity of diatom motility, we perform a comparative study across five common biofilm-forming species. Combining morphological measurements with high-resolution cell tracking, we es...
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作者：Craig, Stephen L.
作者单位：Duke University
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作者：Erven, Jolijn A. M.; Mattiangeli, Valeria; Dreshaj, Merita; Mullin, Victoria E.; Rossi, Conor; Daly, Kevin G.; Jackson, Iseult; Pearson, Mike Parker; Bradley, Daniel G.; Frantz, Laurent A. F.; Madsen, Ole; Raemaekers, Daan; Cakirlar, Canan
作者单位：University of Groningen; Trinity College Dublin; University College Dublin; University of London; University College London; University of Munich; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Wageningen University & Research
摘要：The relationship between humans and pigs has changed dramatically since their domestication in southwest Asia and subsequent human-induced introduction into Europe. Introgression between incoming southwest Asian pigs and European boar resulted in the gradual replacement of southwest Asian ancestry in European pigs. However, we currently lack genomic data required to explore the regional trajectories, nature, and extent of contact between European boar and pigs that led to this turnover, and ho...
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作者：Zhang, Jiawen; Hua, Zhenqi; Wang, Chengwei; Smidman, Michael; Graf, David; Thomas, Sean; Rosa, Priscila F. S.; Wirth, Steffen; Dai, Xi; Xiong, Peng; Yuan, Huiqiu; Wang, Xiaoyu; Jiao, Lin
作者单位：Zhejiang University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max Planck Society; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University
摘要：Introducing the concept of topology into material science has sparked a revolution from classic electronic and optoelectronic devices to topological quantum devices. The latter has potential for transferring energy and information with unprecedented efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a topological diode effect on the surface of a three-dimensional material, SmB6, a candidate topological Kondo insulator. The diode effect is evidenced by pronounced rectification and photogalvanic effects under ele...
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作者：Hill, Cameron; Kalakoutis, Michaeljohn; Arcidiacono, Alice; Cullup, Flair Paradine; Wang, Yanhong; Fukutani, Atsuki; Narayanan, Theyencheri; Brunello, Elisabetta; Fusi, Luca; Irving, Malcolm
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; King's College London; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); University of London; King's College London
摘要：Muscle contraction is driven by myosin motors from the thick filaments pulling on the actin-containing thin filaments of the sarcomere, and it is regulated by structural changes in both filaments. Thin filaments are activated by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i and by myosin binding to actin. Thick filaments are activated by direct sensing of the filament load. However, these mechanisms cannot explain muscle relaxation when [Ca2+]i decreases at high load and myosin mo...
