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作者：Gao, Xufeng; Zhou, Peng; Yuan, Xu; Li, Xiaoxu; Li, Bowen; Xia, Yu; Meng, Yifan; Zare, Richard N.; Zheng, Tingting; Zhang, Xinxing
作者单位：Nankai University; East China Normal University; Jianghan University; Stanford University
摘要：Adhesive interfaces store significant energy due to interlocking molecular chain entanglement and van der Waals forces. When two adhesive surfaces are separated, triboelectric effects induce charge transfer, generating a strong electric field at the peeling interface. This effect offers different opportunities for initiating chemical reactions. Here, we report that the stick-slip friction involved in peeling tape produces electric fields on the order of 109 V/m, as measured by the vibrational ...
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作者：Barajaa, Mohammed A.; Otsuka, Takayoshi; Laurencin, Cato T.
作者单位：Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut
摘要：The utility of a pure population of highly regenerative satellite stem cells (SSCs) is a prerequisite for successful cell-based muscle therapies. Previous works have reported several methods for the SSC isolation. However, the majority of cells isolated using previous methods are fibroblasts and other nonmyogenic cell types, necessitating further expensive and time-consuming purification steps often affecting the regenerative quality of the isolated SSCs. Here, we describe a simple, time-effec...
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作者：Bielawski, Jakub; Chotibut, Thiparat; Falniowski, Fryderyk; Misiurewicz, Michal; Piliouras, Georgios
作者单位：Cracow University of Economics; Chulalongkorn University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind
摘要：Inspired by the challenges at the intersection of Evolutionary Game Theory and Machine Learning, we investigate a class of discrete-time multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) dynamics in population/nonatomic congestion games, where agents have diverse beliefs and learn at different rates. These congestion games, a well-studied class of potential games, are characterized by individual agents having negligible effects on system performance, strongly aligned incentives, and well-understood adv...
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作者：Bohning, Jan; Graham, Miles; Coureuil, Mathieu; Tarafder, Abul K.; Meyer, Julie; Nassif, Xavier; Bille, Emmanuelle; Bharat, Tanmay A. M.
作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); Universite Paris Cite; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB)
摘要：Neisseria meningitidis is a human commensal bacterium that can opportunistically invade the bloodstream and cross the blood-brain barrier, where it can cause septicemia and meningitis. These diseases, if left untreated, can be lethal within hours. Hyperinvasive N. meningitidis strains often express a genomically encoded filamentous bacteriophage called MDA Phi, which promotes colonization of mucosal host surfaces to facilitate bacterial invasion. How this phage is organized and how it promotes...
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作者：Liu, Mengdi; Buntaine, Mark T.; Anderson, Sarah E.; Zhang, Bing
作者单位：University of International Business & Economics; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Nanjing University of Finance & Economics; Nanjing University
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作者：Moussallam, Yves; Rose-Koga, Estelle F.; Aubaud, Cyril; Georgeais, Guillaume; Cartigny, Pierre; Koga, Kenneth T.; Devidal, Jean-Luc; Michael, Peter J.; Shimizu, Kei; Saal, Alberto E.
作者单位：Columbia University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM); Universite de Orleans; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); University of Tulsa; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Brown University
摘要：Unraveling the origin(s) of carbon on Earth has remained challenging, not only because of the multiple isotopic fractionation episodes that may have occurred during planet formation processes but also because the end point of these processes, the current isotopic value of Earth's deep carbon reservoirs remains poorly constrained. Here, we present carbon isotopic measurements on rare undegassed mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans that have preserved the isotopi...
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作者：Melnikoff, David E.; Kurdi, Benedek
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Computational theories of reinforcement learning suggest that two families of algorithm-model-based and model-free-tightly map onto the classic distinction between automatic and deliberate systems of control: Deliberate evaluative responses are thought to reflect model-based algorithms, which are accurate but computationally expensive, whereas automatic evaluative responses are thought to reflect model-free algorithms, which are error-prone but computationally cheap. This framework has animate...
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作者：Das, Lahari; Chen, Bing; Rajagopalan, Saranathan; Vilcheze, Catherine; Mullholland, Claire V.; Berney, Michael; Andrews, Patrick K.; Edwards, Ashley; Lahiri, Ramanuj; Jacobs Jr, William R.
作者单位：Yeshiva University; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; United States Health Resources & Service Administration (HRSA)
摘要：Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, has never been cultured in vitro, posing significant challenges for genetic manipulation and drug discovery. Current antileprosy drug screening methods relying on microscopic count, radiorespirometry, and qPCR are time consuming and require the use of radioactive elements. We demonstrate mycobacteriophage-mediated introduction of foreign DNA using the broad-host range mycobacteriophage TM4 and the application of the luciferase reporter myco...
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作者：Gorelik, Andrii; Paulo, Joao A.; Schroeter, Christina B.; Lad, Melanie; Shurr, Abigail; Mastrokalou, Chara; Siddiqi, Samrah; Suyari, Osamu; Brognard, John; Walter, David; Matthews, Jason; Palmer, Timothy M.; Gygi, Steven P.; Ahel, Ivan
作者单位：University of Oxford; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf Hospital; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); University of Oslo; University of Toronto; University of York - UK; University of Hull
摘要：PARP7 is an enzyme that uses donor substrate NAD+ to attach a single ADP-ribose moiety onto proteins related to immunity, transcription, and cell growth and motility. Despite the importance of PARP7 in these processes, PARP7 signaling networks remain underresearched. Here, we used genome-wide CRISPR screens and multiplex quantitative proteomics in distinct lung cancer cell lines treated with a PARP7 inhibitor to better understand PARP7 molecular functions. We find that manipulating the aryl hy...
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作者：Vilchez, Victoria; Zhou, Shitong; Bouville, Florian
作者单位：Imperial College London
摘要：Spatial ordering of matter elicits exotic properties sometimes absent from a material's constituents. A few highly mineralized natural materials achieve high toughness through delocalized damage, whereas synthetic particulate composites must trade toughness for mineral content. We test whether ordering the mineral phase in particulate composites through the formation of macroscopic colloidal crystals can trigger the same damage resistance found in natural materials. Our macroscopic silica rod-...
