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作者：Xu, Weijia; Jojic, Nebojsa; Rao, Sudha; Brockett, Chris; Dolan, Bill
作者单位：Microsoft
摘要：With rapid advances in large language models (LLMs), there has been an increasing application of LLMs in creative content ideation and generation. A critical question emerges: can current LLMs provide ideas that are diverse enough to truly bolster collective creativity? We examine two state-of-the-art LLMs, GPT-4 and LLaMA-3, on story generation and discover that LLM-generated stories often consist of plot elements that are echoed across a number of generations. To quantify this phenomenon, we...
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作者：Karner, Emmet R.; Wang, Mengdie; Goel, Hira Lal; Mercurio, Arthur M.
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School
摘要：a timely issue that has significant ramifications for biology and pathology. We investigated these mechanisms in the context of breast cancer where tumors are composed of diverse populations of cancer cells that differ in their ferroptosis sensitivity. Using single- cell RNA- sequencing, we determined that cancer cell populations with luminal differentiation are more resistant to ferroptosis than other cells within a heterogeneous tumor. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis and experimentation re...
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作者：Martinez-Addiego, Florencia; Liu, Yuqi; Moon, Kyungji; Shytle, Elizabeth; Amaral, Lenia; O'Brien, Caroline; Sen, Sriparna; Riesenhuber, Maximilian; Culham, Jody C.; Striem-Amit, Ella
作者单位：Georgetown University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS; Georgetown University; Universidade de Coimbra; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Georgetown University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：How are actions represented in the motor system? Although the sensorimotor system is broadly organized somatotopically, higher-level sensorimotor areas encode action-type information for reaching and grasping actions-regardless of the acting body part. Does the brain similarly support generalization across acting body parts for more evolutionarily recent actions, such as tool-use? We tested whether there is a body-part-independent action-type organization in sensorimotor areas by examining fMR...
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作者：Ochoa, Eguzkine; Zvetkova, Ilona; Lee, Sunwoo Liv; Takahashi, Nozomi; Leung, Benoit Lan-; Hobson, Emma; Issa, Mahmoud; Yngvadottir, Bryndis; Docquier, France; Rodger, Fay; Hall, Dounia Foster-; Clark, Graeme; Toribio, Ana; Martin, Ezequiel; Bottolo, Leonardo; Ferguson-Smith, Anne C.; Fischle, Wolfgang; Constancia, Miguel; Maher, Eamonn R.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Leeds; Chapel Allerton Hospital; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; Alan Turing Institute; MRC Biostatistics Unit; University of Cambridge; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; University of Cambridge; Aston University
摘要：The investigation of congenital imprinting disorders (CIDs) provides opportunities to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and role of genomic imprinting in development and human disease. Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) is a prototypic CID resulting from genetic and epigenetic alterations of imprinted genes at chromosome 11p15.5. In up to a quarter of individuals with BWSp, the epigenetic alterations are not confined to 11p15.5 imprinting control regions but also involve other imprinted gene ...
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作者：Runge, Svenja; Bilgen, Ecenaz; Magni, Andrea; Bonollo, Giorgio; Colombo, Giorgio; Itzen, Aymelt; Lamb, Don C.
作者单位：University of Hamburg; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; University of Munich; University of Munich; University of Pavia; University of Hamburg; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
摘要：The human Fic enzyme FicD plays an important role in regulating the Hsp70 homolog BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum: FicD reversibly modulates BiP's activity through attaching an adenosine monophosphate to the substrate binding domain. This reduces BiP's chaperone activity by shifting it into a conformation with reduced substrate affinity. Crystal structures of FicD in the apo, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound, and BiP-bound states suggested significant conformational variability in the tetra...
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作者：Zhu, Weiwei; Zhang, Jin; Prabhakar, Pradeep Kumar; Chan, Yen On; Weber, Rachel A.; Shu, Mengjun; Panzade, Ganesh; Cooper, Connor J.; Davidson, Russell B.; Parks, Jerry M.; Urbanowicz, Breeanna R.; Tuskan, Gerald A.; Joshi, Trupti; Dixon, Richard A.; Muchero, Wellington; Barros, Jaime
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Zhejiang A&F University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of North Texas System; University of North Texas Denton
摘要：The chemical composition of wood plays a pivotal role in the adaptability and structural integrity of trees. However, few studies have investigated the environmental factors that determine lignin composition and its biological significance in plants. Here, we examined the lignin syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio in members of a Populus trichocarpa population sourced from their native habitat and conducted a genome wide association study to identify genes linked to lignin formation. Our results ...
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作者：Bekturova, Aizat; Makaros, Yaara; Ben -David, Shahar; Koren, Itay
作者单位：Bar Ilan University
摘要：Hypoxia, a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen supply, challenges cellular homeostasis and energy production, triggering adaptive responses to promote survival under these stressful conditions. One key strategy involves enzymatic oxidation of N-terminal cysteine residues coupled with proteolysis through the Cys-Arg/N-degron pathway. Despite hundreds of human proteins possessing N-terminal cysteine, very few have been identified as substrates of this pathway, and its substrate select...
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作者：Chen, Haopeng; Verbeke, Pieter; Mattioni, Stefania; Calderon, Cristian Buc; Verguts, Tom
作者单位：Ghent University; HOWEST University of Applied Sciences
摘要：Testing enhances memory more than studying. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the robustness of this classic effect, its neural and computational origin remains debated. Predictive learning is a potential mechanism behind this phenomenon: Because predictions and prediction errors (mismatch between predictions and feedback) are more likely to be generated in testing (relative to in studying), testing can benefit more from predictive learning. We shed light on the testing effect from a...
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作者：Ferguson, Shawn M.
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University
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作者：He, Yucheng; Huang, Yan; Xiao, Hengyu; Jiang, Jun; Wang, Song
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS
摘要：Identifying reaction intermediates is a critical component of elucidating the mechanisms of chemical reactions. Spectroscopic techniques are instrumental in this identification process. The capacity of AI to establish the correlations between spectra and chemical substances renders it a suitable tool for spectra analysis. However, the presence of limited data, or even the absence of data, is a common occurrence for intermediates with transient characteristics. This poses a significant challeng...
