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作者：Luque, Jaime; Morelli, Massimo; Tavares, Jose
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Columbia University; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：Heterogeneous countries may rationally choose to form a currency union first, and a fiscal union later. We find, and illustrate empirically for the EMU countries, reasonable volatility conditions under which this sequencing in the deepening process is indeed rationalizable. Changes in the distribution of expected income shocks require a reassignment of political weights to restore unanimous support for an added fiscal dimension. The bargaining space depends on countries' relative income, size,...
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作者：Gahvari, Firouz; Micheletto, Luca
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Milan; Uppsala University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper models a two-period overlapping-generations economy with money populated with individuals of different skills. They face a nonlinear income tax schedule and can engage in tax evasion. Money serves two purposes: the traditional one, modeled through a money-in-the-utility-function; it also facilitates tax evasion. The main message of the paper is that income tax evasion in this framework leads to the violation of the Friedman rule. The paper also shows that even in the absence of tax ...
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作者：Onderstal, Sander; Schram, Arthur J. H. C.; Soetevent, Adriaan R.
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Groningen
摘要：In a door-to-door fundraising field experiment, we study the impact of fundraising mechanisms on charitable giving. We approached about 4500 households, each participating in an all-pay auction, a lottery, a non-anonymous voluntary contribution mechanism (VCM), or an anonymous VCM. In contrast to the VCMs, households in the all-pay auction and the lottery competed for a prize. Although the all-pay auction is the superior fundraising mechanism both in theory and in the laboratory, it did not ra...
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作者：Rotemberg, Julio J.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper presents a model in which anonymous charitable donations are rationalized by two human tendencies drawn from the psychology literature. The first is people's disproportionate disposition to help those they agree with while the second is the dependence of peoples' self-esteem on the extent to which they perceive that others agree with them. Government spending crowds out the charity that ensues from these forces only modestly. Moreover, people's donations tend to rise when others don...
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作者：Vlaicu, Razvan; Verhoeven, Marijn; Grigoli, Francesco; Mills, Zachary
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; The World Bank; International Monetary Fund; The World Bank
摘要：In the last two decades more than 120 countries have adopted a multiyear budget process (Medium-Term Framework, or MTF) that enables the central government to set multiyear fiscal targets. This paper analyzes a newly-collected dataset of worldwide MTF adoptions during 1990-2008. It exploits within-country variation in adoption in a dynamic panel framework to estimate MTFs' impacts on aggregate as well as sectoral measures of fiscal performance. We find that on average multiyear budgeting impro...
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作者：Wu, JunJie
作者单位：Oregon State University; Renmin University of China; Resources for the Future
摘要：This paper analyzes the fiscal and land value impacts of public open-space conservation in a budget-constrained city. It derives the necessary and sufficient conditions for open-space conservation to increase the level of municipal services and the total land value within the city. The theoretical results, together with the empirical evidence found in the literature, suggest that open-space conservation can increase the level of municipal services and total land value in a significant share of...
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作者：Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Sandler, Todd
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
摘要：In a developing country, terrorists recruit and allocate their capital, skilled labor, and unskilled labor between domestic and foreign targets. Domestic targets require less skilled labor than foreign targets. Under various strategic scenarios, we show how countermeasures against the different terrorist inputs alter the amount and mix of targets, as well as how skilled and unskilled immigration quotas by a targeted foreign country affect this mix of attacks. We find that increases in skilled ...
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作者：Beshears, John; Choi, James J.; Laibson, David; Madrian, Brigitte C.; Zeldes, Stephen P.
作者单位：Stanford University; Yale University; Harvard University; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We conduct and analyze two large surveys of hypothetical annuitization choices. We find that allowing individuals to annuitize a fraction of their wealth increases annuitization relative to a situation where annuitization Is an all or nothing decision. Very few respondents choose declining real payout streams over flat or increasing real payout streams of equivalent expected present value. Highlighting the effects of inflation increases demand for cost of living adjustments. Frames that highli...
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作者：Alesina, Alberto; Passarelli, Francesco
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Teramo; Bocconi University
摘要：We study which policy tool and at what level a majority chooses in order to reduce activities with negative externalities. We consider three instruments: a rule, that sets an upper limit to the activity which produces the negative externality, a quota that forces a proportional reduction of the activity, and a proportional tax on it. For all instruments the majority chooses levels which are too restrictive when the activity is performed mainly by a small fraction of the population, and when co...
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作者：Steiger, Eva-Maria; Zultan, Ro'i
作者单位：University of Munich; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：We study experimentally voluntary contributions to public goods when none, some, or all previous decisions are observable. When agents observe previous moves, they tend to condition their cooperation on observed cooperation. This leads to two effects of increased transparency: on the one hand, early movers are more likely to cooperate in order to encourage those who observe them to cooperate. On the other hand, as transparency increases, later movers are less likely to cooperate because they a...
