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作者：Chakrabarti, Rajashri
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：NCLB mandated the institution of Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) objectives, and schools are assigned an AYP pass/fail based on performance in these objectives. AYP-fail status is associated with negative publicity and often sanctions. Using data from Wisconsin and alternate regression discontinuity designs, I study the incentives and responses of schools that failed AYP once. Math-induced AYP-failures showed strong improvements in math, while reading-induced AYP-failures showed marked improvem...
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作者：Hendricks, Matthew D.
作者单位：University of Tulsa
摘要：This study presents robust evidence on the relationship between teacher pay and turnover using detailed panel data from Texas. While controlling for changes in district and local labor market characteristics, I estimate an overall turnover elasticity of - 1.4 and show that the effect is largest for inexperienced teachers, declines with experience, and disappears around 19 years of experience. Combining these results with what we know about the relationship between teacher value-added and exper...
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作者：Deb, Rahul; Gazzale, Robert S.; Kotchen, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Yale University
摘要：A large economics literature seeks to understand the reasons why individuals make charitable contributions. Fundamental features of most models of charitable giving are the inclusion of externalities induced by other agents and the Lancasterian characteristics approach to specifying utility functions. This paper develops a general, revealed-preference methodology for testing a variety of preference structures that allow for both externalities and characteristics. The tests are simple linear pr...
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作者：Brodaty, Thomas; Gary-Bobo, Robert J.; Prieto, Ana
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; Universite Gustave-Eiffel; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：We study a model in which a student's investment in education maximizes expected utility conditional on public and private information. The model takes future wage risk into account and treats the direct and opportunity costs of education as additional sources of risk. In particular, the time needed to complete a degree is random. The data show that time-to-degree is substantially dispersed, conditional on the highest degree. We find significant and substantial effects of expected returns on i...
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作者：Dal Bo, Ernesto; Dal Bo, Pedro
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Brown University
摘要：The use of moral appeals to affect the behavior of others is pervasive (from the pulpit to ethics classes) but little is known about the effects of moral suasion on behavior. In a series of experiments we study whether moral suasion affects behavior in voluntary contribution games and the mechanisms by which behavior is altered. We find that observing a message with a moral standard according to the golden rule or, alternatively, utilitarian philosophy, results in a significant but transitory ...
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作者：Eichner, Thomas; Runkel, Marco
作者单位：Fern University Hagen; Technical University of Berlin; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper provides a rationale for subsidizing green (renewable) energy production. Within a multi-country model where energy is produced with mobile capital in green and dirty production, we investigate the countries' decentralized choice of emissions taxes and green energy subsidies. Without green subsidies, the emissions tax is set inefficiently low, since each country ignores the environmental externality inflicted on other countries and since the emissions tax leads to a capital outflow ...
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作者：Martin, Ralf; de Preux, Laure B.; Wagner, Ulrich J.
作者单位：Imperial College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：We estimate the impact of a carbon tax on manufacturing plants using panel data from the UK production census. Our identification strategy builds on the comparison of outcomes between plants subject to the full tax and plants that paid only 20% of the tax. Exploiting exogenous variation in eligibility for the tax discount, we find that the carbon tax had a strong negative impact on energy intensity and electricity use. No statistically significant impacts are found for employment, revenue or p...
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作者：Luechinger, Simon; Moser, Christoph
作者单位：University of Lucerne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We analyze stock market reactions to announcements of political appointments from the private sector and corporate appointments of former government officials. Using unique data on corporate affiliations and announcements of all Senate-confirmed U.S. Defense Department appointees of six administrations, we find positive abnormal returns for political appointments. These estimates are not driven by important observations, volatile stocks, industry-wide developments or the omission of further co...
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作者：Taylor, Eric
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：For students whose math skills lag expectations, public schools often increase the fraction of the school day spent on math instruction. Studying middle-school students and using regression discontinuity methods, I estimate the causal effect of requiring two math classes-one remedial, one regular-instead of just one class. Math achievement grows much faster under the requirement, 0.16-0.18 student standard deviations. Yet, one year after returning to a regular one-class schedule, the initial g...
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作者：Brown, Jeffrey R.; Weisbenner, Scott J.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine individual choices between a defined contribution (DC) and a defined benefit (DB) retirement plan at a large public employer. We find sensible patterns with regard to standard economic and demographic factors: the probability of choosing the DC plan decreases with the relative financial generosity of the DB plans versus the DC plan and rises with education and income. Using a survey of participants, we find that the ability to control for beliefs, preferences, and other variables no...
