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作者：Schwandt, Hannes; von Wachter, Till
作者单位：Northwestern University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：This paper studies the differential persistent effects of initial economic conditions for labor market entrants in the United States from 1976 to 2015 by education, gender, and race using labor force survey data. We find persistent earnings and wage reductions, especially for less advantaged entrants, that increases in government support only partly offset. We confirm that the results are unaffected by selective migration and labor market entry by also using a double-weighted average unemploym...
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作者：Bond, Timothy N.; Bulman, George; Li, Xiaoxiao; Smith, Jonathan
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Villanova University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：We estimate whether students update the colleges to which they consider applying in response to large, unanticipated information shocks generated by the release of SAT scoresa primary factor in admission decisions. Exploiting population data on the timing of college selection and a policy that induces students to choose colleges prior to taking the exam, we find that students update their portfolios in terms of selectivity, tuition, and sector. However, the magnitude of updating is too modest ...
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作者：Zou, Ben
作者单位：Michigan State University
摘要：I evaluate the local economic impacts of contractions in US military personnel between 1988 and 2000. I propose a novel empirical strategy combining the synthetic control and instrumental variables methods and estimate the causal effects on the equilibrium quantities and prices of local labor, housing, and product markets. Contractions in military personnel substantially reduced local civilian employment; however, local populations adjusted quickly, mainly through reduced in-migration, resulti...
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作者：Huttunen, Kristiina; Moen, Jarle; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：Aalto University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：We study the migration behavior of displaced workers and find that job displacement increases regional mobility. We find, however, that noneconomic factors, such as family ties, are very important for the migration decision and that there is strong heterogeneity in outcomes. We find large income losses for workers who move to regions where they have family or to rural areas, while, for example, rural to urban movers realize a significant long-term earnings increase. We also find that life even...
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作者：Barth, Erling; Davis, James; Freeman, Richard B.
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We augment standard log earnings equations for workers in US manufacturing with variables reflecting measured and unmeasured attributes of their employer. Using panel employee-establishment data, we find that establishment-level employment, education of coworkers, capital equipment per worker, and firm-level R&D intensity affects earnings substantially. Unobserved characteristics of employers captured by employer fixed effects also contribute to the variance of log earnings, although less than...
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作者：Deming, David; Kahn, Lisa B.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：We study variation in skill demands for professionals across firms and labor markets. We categorize a wide range of keywords found in job ads into 10 general skills. There is substantial variation in these skill requirements, even within narrowly defined occupations. Focusing particularly on cognitive and social skills, we find positive correlations between each skill and external measures of pay and firm performance. We also find evidence of a cognitive social skill complementarity for both o...
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作者：Lazear, Edward P.; Shaw, Kathryn L.
作者单位：Stanford University
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作者：Lazear, Edward P.; Shaw, Kathryn L.; Stanton, Christopher T.
作者单位：Stanford University; Harvard University
摘要：Being hired into a job depends not only on one's own skill but also on that of other applicants. When another able applicant applies, a well-suited worker may be forced into unemployment or into accepting an inferior job. A model of this process defines over- and underqualification and provides predictions on its prevalence and on the wages of mismatched workers. It also implies that unemployment is concentrated among the least skilled workers, while vacancies are concentrated among high-skill...
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作者：Gautier, Pieter; Muller, Paul; van der Klaauw, Bas; Rosholm, Michael; Svarer, Michael
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Gothenburg; Aarhus University
摘要：Identifying policy-relevant treatment effects from randomized experiments requires the absence of spillovers between participants and nonparticipants (SUTVA) or variation in observed treatment levels. We find that SUTVA is violated for a Danish activation program for unemployed workers. Using a difference-in-differences model, we show that nonparticipants in the experiment regions find jobs more slowly after the introduction of the program than workers in other regions. We estimate an equilibr...
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作者：Gathmann, Christina; Sass, Bjoern
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Mannheim
摘要：Previous studies report a range of estimates for the response of female labor supply and childcare attendance to childcare prices. We shed new light on these questions using a policy reform that raises the price of public day care. After the reform, children are 8 percentage points less likely to attend public day care, which implies a compensated price elasticity of -0.6. There is little labor supply response in the full sample, although there are declines for vulnerable subgroups. Spillover ...
